After images: Difference between revisions

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{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound.webm|400x225|right|'''After images''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This image serves as an accurate portrayal of the commonly experienced [[psychedelic]] effect known as after images. There is also a significant amount of [[drifting|visual drifting]] within its background.|frame}}

'''After images''' are a visual distortion that can be described as an image continuing to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased. A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.

'''After images''' are a visual distortion that can be described as an image continuing to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased.<ref>Kawasaki, A., & Purvin, V. (1996). Persistent palinopsia following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Archives of Ophthalmology, 114(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007</ref><ref name="Visual_Function_1988">Abraham, H. D., & Wolf, E. (1988). Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(4), 443. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443</ref><ref>Abraham HD. Hallucinogen-related disorders. In: Sadock BJ,

Sadock VA, eds. Kaplan and Sadock’s comprehensive textbook

of psychiatry, seventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams,

& Wilkins, 2000:1015–1024.</ref><ref name="Psych2002">Abraham, H. D., Mccann, U. D., & Ricaurte, G. A. (2002). Psychedelic drugs. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.623.299</ref> A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.

During [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] experiences, still overlayed images of moving objects are commonly left in place of where the object once was. This creates a series of overlayed images across one's visual field which become less distinct the further away they are from the moving object's current position. Another manifestation of this effect can be described as being able to see the external environment for several seconds after one closes their eyes before it gradually fades away.

After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]] and [[drifting]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].</onlyinclude>

After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]]<ref name="Visual_Function_1988"/><ref name="Psych2002"/> and [[drifting]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. Visual trailing phenomena is associated with 5-HT2 receptor stimulation.<ref name="Psych2002"/><ref>Lauterbach, E., Abdelhamid, A., & Annandale, J. B. (2000). Posthallucinogen-like visual illusions (palinopsia) with risperidone in a patient without previous hallucinogen exposure: possible relation to serotonin 5HT2a receptor blockade. Pharmacopsychiatry, 33(01), 38-41.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8452</ref></onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage Afterimage (Wikipedia)]

[[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Distortion]] [[Category:Effect]]

===References===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
 {{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound.webm|400x225|right|'''After images''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This image serves as an accurate portrayal of the commonly experienced [[psychedelic]] effect known as after images. There is also a significant amount of [[drifting|visual drifting]] within its background.|frame}}
-'''After images''' are a visual distortion that can be described as an image continuing to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased. A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.
+'''After images''' are a visual distortion that can be described as an image continuing to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased.<ref>Kawasaki, A., & Purvin, V. (1996). Persistent palinopsia following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Archives of Ophthalmology, 114(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007</ref><ref name="Visual_Function_1988">Abraham, H. D., & Wolf, E. (1988). Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(4), 443. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443</ref><ref>Abraham HD. Hallucinogen-related disorders. In: Sadock BJ,
+Sadock VA, eds. Kaplan and Sadock’s comprehensive textbook
+of psychiatry, seventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams,
+& Wilkins, 2000:1015–1024.</ref><ref name="Psych2002">Abraham, H. D., Mccann, U. D., & Ricaurte, G. A. (2002). Psychedelic drugs. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.623.299</ref> A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.
 During [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] experiences, still overlayed images of moving objects are commonly left in place of where the object once was. This creates a series of overlayed images across one's visual field which become less distinct the further away they are from the moving object's current position. Another manifestation of this effect can be described as being able to see the external environment for several seconds after one closes their eyes before it gradually fades away.
-After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]] and [[drifting]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].</onlyinclude>
+After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]]<ref name="Visual_Function_1988"/><ref name="Psych2002"/> and [[drifting]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. Visual trailing phenomena is associated with 5-HT2 receptor stimulation.<ref name="Psych2002"/><ref>Lauterbach, E., Abdelhamid, A., & Annandale, J. B. (2000). Posthallucinogen-like visual illusions (palinopsia) with risperidone in a patient without previous hallucinogen exposure: possible relation to serotonin 5HT2a receptor blockade. Pharmacopsychiatry, 33(01), 38-41.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8452</ref></onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
@@ Line 21: / Line 24: @@
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage Afterimage (Wikipedia)]
 [[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Distortion]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===References===
+<references/>