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MDPV: Difference between revisions
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{{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/MDPV | {{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/MDPV}}}} | ||
{{SummarySheet}} | {{SummarySheet}} | ||
{{SubstanceBox/MDPV}} | {{SubstanceBox/MDPV}} | ||
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Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref> | Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref> | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | |||
{{effects/base | {{effects/base | ||
|{{effects/physical| | |{{effects/physical| | ||
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* '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | * '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
* '''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | * '''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
It should be noted that many users consider the after effects of MDPV to be significantly more unpleasant if compulsively redosed.<ref>InnerExplorer. "Personal Research Comedown Guide: An Experience with MDPV (ID 98601)". Erowid.org. Feb 21, 2013. erowid.org/exp/98601 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=98601</ref><ref>Trippy. "Seemingly Real Paranoid Hallucination Hell: An Experience with MDPV (ID 91741)". Erowid.org. Jun 30, 2011. erowid.org/exp/91741 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=91741</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |{{effects/cognitive| | ||
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* '''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | * '''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
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}} | }} | ||
===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicity}} | |||
MDPV has a relatively short history of human use, with very few mentions concerning the use thereof before 2004. Although once considered a potential alternative to existing stimulants with a lower risk for toxicity, human MDPV administration has not been extensively studied in a clinical setting for many decades. Despite this, several recent studies on cases of persisting psychosis caused by chronic use of MDPV show promising rates of recovery among individuals who are treated with certain [[antipsychotics]] and first-line [[antihistamine]]s.<ref>Studies concerning MDPV hospitalization, pages 19 to 25. | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> There is currently no conclusive data concerning the neurotoxicity of MDPV in the human brain.{{citation needed}} | |||
Anecdotal evidence from those who have tried MDPV in the community suggest that there are no negative health effects associated with the substance if simply taken at low doses by itself and when used sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | |||
Data taken from in-vitro and in-vivo studies have indicated that MDPV shares similar properties to [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]; in fact, MDPV is more potent than these two stimulants in a number of varying ways.<ref>MDPV In-vivo statistics | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> The over-excitation of dopamine and noradrenaline caused by MDPV use, combined with MDPV's potential inability to create compensatory serotonergic activity, sets the stage for a number of hostile and psychotic reactions to the drug. These hostile tendencies have been witnessed in emergency response situations, and have also seen wide television coverage in the past, after an individual under the influence of MDPV viciously assaulted an innocent bystander. It is uncertain if the individual had any pre-existing mental disorders or if he was under the influence of any other drugs. | Data taken from in-vitro and in-vivo studies have indicated that MDPV shares similar properties to [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]; in fact, MDPV is more potent than these two stimulants in a number of varying ways.<ref>MDPV In-vivo statistics | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> The over-excitation of dopamine and noradrenaline caused by MDPV use, combined with MDPV's potential inability to create compensatory serotonergic activity, sets the stage for a number of hostile and psychotic reactions to the drug. These hostile tendencies have been witnessed in emergency response situations, and have also seen wide television coverage in the past, after an individual under the influence of MDPV viciously assaulted an innocent bystander. It is uncertain if the individual had any pre-existing mental disorders or if he was under the influence of any other drugs.{{citation neeeded}} | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
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*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart. | *'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart. | ||
==Legal | ==Legal status== | ||
*'''Australia''' - In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as from February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref> | *'''Australia''' - In Western Australia, MDPV has been banned under the Poisons Act 1964, having been included in Appendix A Schedule 9 of the Poisons Act 1964 as from February 11, 2012. The Director of Public Prosecutions for Western Australia announced that anyone intending to sell or supply MDPV faces a maximum $100,000 fine or 25 years in jail. Users face a $2000 fine or two years' jail. Therefore, anyone caught with MDPV can be charged with possession, selling, supplying or intent to sell or supply.<ref>Emerging drug, MDPV banned in WA | https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2012/02/Emerging-drug,-MDPV-banned-in-WA.aspx</ref> | ||
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[[Category:Proofread]] | [[Category:Proofread]] | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | [[Category:Research chemical]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||
[[Category:Pyrrolidine]] | [[Category:Pyrrolidine]] | ||