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Thienodiazepines: Difference between revisions
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==Preparation methods== | |||
*'''[[Volumetric liquid dosing]]''' - If one's thienodiazepines are in powder form, they are unlikely to weigh out accurately without the most expensive of scales due to their extreme potency. To avoid this, one can dissolve the thienodiazepine volumetrically into a solution so as to dose it accurately based upon the instructions described in [[Volumetric liquid dosing|this tutorial]]. | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
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[[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644</ref>]] | [[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644</ref>]] | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
The median lethal dosage varies | The median lethal dosage varies widely between specific substances within the thienzodiazepine class. For this reason, one should always fully research the substance before administering it to themselves or others. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using these substances. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
Tolerance will develop to the sedative-hypnotic effects within a couple of days.<ref>Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy | http://books.google.com/books?id=_ePK9wwcQUMC&pg=PA535</ref> Withdrawal symptoms or rebound symptoms may occur after ceasing usage abruptly following a few weeks or longer of steady dosing, and may necessitate a gradual dose reduction.<ref>Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Behavioral Toxicity of Alprazolam: A Review of the Literature | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x/pdf</ref> <ref>The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment | http://books.google.com/books?id=6wdJgejlQzYC&pg=PA222&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> | Tolerance will develop to the sedative-hypnotic effects within a couple of days.<ref>Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy | http://books.google.com/books?id=_ePK9wwcQUMC&pg=PA535</ref> Withdrawal symptoms or rebound symptoms may occur after ceasing usage abruptly following a few weeks or longer of steady dosing, and may necessitate a gradual dose reduction.<ref>Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Behavioral Toxicity of Alprazolam: A Review of the Literature | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x/pdf</ref> <ref>The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment | http://books.google.com/books?id=6wdJgejlQzYC&pg=PA222&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> | ||
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It is safest to reduce the dose each day by a very small amount, for a couple of weeks until close to abstinence. If using a short half-life thienodiazepine, a longer acting drug can be substituted. Symptoms may still be present, but their severity will be reduced significantly. For more information on tapering from thienodiazepine in a controlled manner, please see [http://www.benzo.org.uk/manual/bzcha02.htm this guide]. Small amounts of [[alcohol]] can also help to reduce the symptoms. | It is safest to reduce the dose each day by a very small amount, for a couple of weeks until close to abstinence. If using a short half-life thienodiazepine, a longer acting drug can be substituted. Symptoms may still be present, but their severity will be reduced significantly. For more information on tapering from thienodiazepine in a controlled manner, please see [http://www.benzo.org.uk/manual/bzcha02.htm this guide]. Small amounts of [[alcohol]] can also help to reduce the symptoms. | ||
The duration and severity of withdrawal symptoms | The duration and severity of withdrawal symptoms depend on a number of factors including the half-life of the drug used, tolerance and the duration of abuse. Major symptoms will usually start within just a few days after discontinuation and persist for around a week for shorter lasting thienodiazepines. Thienodiazepines with longer half-lives will exhibit withdrawal symptoms with a slow onset and extended duration. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||