Deliriant: Difference between revisions

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Deliriants work via anticholinergic activity and their [[antagonist|antagonistic]] action on [[acetylcholine]] receptors. Inhibition through this mechanism leads to decreased levels of acetylcholine, causing delirium, sedation, tachycardia and intensely realistic hallucinations. However, the precise role of these interactions and how they result in the deliriant experience continues to remain elusive.

It is theorized that [[choline|cholinergics]] (such as [[racetams]]) can provide relief from the mechanisms of anticholinergics,<ref>The use of a scopolamine model to study the potential nootropic effects of aniracetam and piracetam in healthy volunteers. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281851</ref> such as reversing their [[Amnesia|amnesiatic]] and [[psychosis]]-inducing effects. This is possible by restoring ~~adequate~~ concentrations of [[acetylcholine]].<ref>Reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia and alterations in energy metabolism by the nootropic piracetam: implications regarding identification of brain structures involved in consolidation of memory traces. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3690290</ref><ref>Effects of acute doses of oxiracetam in the scopolamine model of human amnesia. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7870912</ref>

It is theorized that [[choline|cholinergics]] (such as [[racetams]]) can provide relief from the mechanisms of anticholinergics,<ref>The use of a scopolamine model to study the potential nootropic effects of aniracetam and piracetam in healthy volunteers. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281851</ref> such as reversing their [[Amnesia|amnesiatic]] and [[psychosis]]-inducing effects. This is possible by restoring sufficient concentrations of [[acetylcholine]].<ref>Reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia and alterations in energy metabolism by the nootropic piracetam: implications regarding identification of brain structures involved in consolidation of memory traces. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3690290</ref><ref>Effects of acute doses of oxiracetam in the scopolamine model of human amnesia. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7870912</ref>

In contrast, [[cannabis]] and [[caffeine]] have a reverse effect by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine. This leads to increased levels of acetylcholine, and, in turn, improved cognition and stimulation; as a result, both [[cannabis]] and [[caffeine]] have an inhibitory effect on deliriants.

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 Deliriants work via anticholinergic activity and their [[antagonist|antagonistic]] action on [[acetylcholine]] receptors. Inhibition through this mechanism leads to decreased levels of acetylcholine, causing delirium, sedation, tachycardia and intensely realistic hallucinations. However, the precise role of these interactions and how they result in the deliriant experience continues to remain elusive.
-It is theorized that [[choline|cholinergics]] (such as [[racetams]]) can provide relief from the mechanisms of anticholinergics,<ref>The use of a scopolamine model to study the potential nootropic effects of aniracetam and piracetam in healthy volunteers. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281851</ref> such as reversing their [[Amnesia|amnesiatic]] and [[psychosis]]-inducing effects. This is possible by restoring adequate concentrations of [[acetylcholine]].<ref>Reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia and alterations in energy metabolism by the nootropic piracetam: implications regarding identification of brain structures involved in consolidation of memory traces. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3690290</ref><ref>Effects of acute doses of oxiracetam in the scopolamine model of human amnesia. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7870912</ref>
+It is theorized that [[choline|cholinergics]] (such as [[racetams]]) can provide relief from the mechanisms of anticholinergics,<ref>The use of a scopolamine model to study the potential nootropic effects of aniracetam and piracetam in healthy volunteers. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281851</ref> such as reversing their [[Amnesia|amnesiatic]] and [[psychosis]]-inducing effects. This is possible by restoring sufficient concentrations of [[acetylcholine]].<ref>Reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia and alterations in energy metabolism by the nootropic piracetam: implications regarding identification of brain structures involved in consolidation of memory traces. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3690290</ref><ref>Effects of acute doses of oxiracetam in the scopolamine model of human amnesia. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7870912</ref>
 In contrast, [[cannabis]] and [[caffeine]] have a reverse effect by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine. This leads to increased levels of acetylcholine, and, in turn, improved cognition and stimulation; as a result, both [[cannabis]] and [[caffeine]] have an inhibitory effect on deliriants.