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3-FEA: Difference between revisions
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'''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel synthetic ring-substituted fluorinated [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] and [[psychoactive class::stimulant|stimulating]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamine]]s that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref> | '''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel synthetic ring-substituted fluorinated [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] and [[psychoactive class::stimulant|stimulating]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamine]]s that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref> | ||
Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Early reports have so far characterized 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]] that produces a unique balance of [[entactogenic]] and [[stimulant]] effects that | Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Early reports have so far characterized 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]] that produces a unique balance of [[entactogenic]] and [[stimulant]] effects are said to that skew more to the euphoric-recreational side (similar to one of its popular predecessors, [[4-FA]]), than towards what some consider to be "functional" or "productivity-enhancing" (e.g. [[amphetamine]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[isopropylphenidate]]). | ||
3-FEA has an extremely short history of human [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets. It has recently been made available for sale on the gray market as a [[research chemical]] by online vendors.{{citation needed}} It should be noted that based on the pharmacology activity displayed by structurally | 3-FEA has an extremely short history of human [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets. It has recently been made available for sale on the gray market as a [[research chemical]] by online vendors.{{citation needed}} It should be noted that based on the pharmacology activity displayed by structurally similar compounds such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine fenfluramine], it is not unlikely that this compound may possess neurotoxic, cardiotoxic and other [[research chemical|potential undiscovered toxic properties]].{{citation needed}} | ||
Due to its potent psychostimulant effects, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance. | Due to its potent psychostimulant effects, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance. | ||
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3-Fluoroethamphetamine, or 3-FEA, is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine chemical class. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core comprised of a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain substituted with a methyl group at Rα (i.e. amphetamines are '''a'''lpha-'''m'''ethylated '''phe'''ne'''t'''hyl'''amines'''). | 3-Fluoroethamphetamine, or 3-FEA, is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine chemical class. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core comprised of a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain substituted with a methyl group at Rα (i.e. amphetamines are '''a'''lpha-'''m'''ethylated '''phe'''ne'''t'''hyl'''amines'''). | ||
3-FEA is the 3-position fluorinated analog of ethylamphetamine (also known as ethamphetamine). It is also an analog of fenfluramine (which was withdrawn from the market after links between long term use and serotonin-2b receptor-induced heart valve damage was discovered) with the 3-trifluoromethyl group replaced with a 3-fluoro substituent.{{citation needed}} | 3-FEA is the 3-position fluorinated analog of ethylamphetamine (also known as ethamphetamine). It is also an analog of fenfluramine (which was withdrawn from the market after links between long-term use and serotonin-2b receptor-induced heart valve damage was discovered) with the 3-trifluoromethyl group replaced with a 3-fluoro substituent.{{citation needed}} | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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It has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of [[dopamine]], but a stronger releaser of both [[noradrenaline]] and [[serotonin]], producing the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser."<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" /> | It has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of [[dopamine]], but a stronger releaser of both [[noradrenaline]] and [[serotonin]], producing the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser."<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" /> | ||
This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This | This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This transporter blockade allows these molecules to accumulate within core synaptic regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], [[disinhibition|disinhibiting]] and [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogenic]] [[substituted amphetamines]] such as [[MDMA]] or [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}} | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{EffectStub}} | {{EffectStub}} | ||
Unlike its analogs [[2-FA]] and [[2-FMA]], both of which have been reported as being relatively functional and non-recreational [[stimulants]] due to the "dose-ceilings" that limit the euphoria they can produce, it is likely 3-FEA has more abuse potential via the ability to induce [[ | Unlike its analogs [[2-FA]] and [[2-FMA]], both of which have been reported as being relatively functional and non-recreational [[stimulants]] due to the "dose-ceilings" that limit the euphoria they can produce, it is likely 3-FEA has more abuse potential via the ability to induce [[compulsive redosing]] due to its pharmacological similarities to the popular [[entactogenic]] stimulant euphoriant [[4-FA]]. Reports suggest it is a poor candidate for functional use and is typically better suited for occasional recreational outings, used very sparingly and cautiously. | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||