3-FEA: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[releaser]] of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].~~{{citation needed}}~~.

Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] and [[releaser]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].<ref name="tessel">Tessel RE, Rutledge CO. Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1976;15:142.</ref><ref name="tessel2">Tessel RE, Woods JH. Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1978; 2: 274–81.</ref>

Notably, it has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser"<ref~~>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Structural relationship between meta-substituted N-ethylamphetamines and self-administration in rhesus monkeys. ''Pharmacologist'' 1974;16:142.<~~/~~ref~~><ref>Tessel RE, Rutledge CO. Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1976;15:142.</ref><ref>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1978; 2: 274–81.</ref>

Notably, it has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser."<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" />

This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This allows these molecules to accumulate within core regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], motivational and physically and cognitively [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[~~entactogen~~]]ic [[substituted amphetamines]] ~~like~~ [[MDMA]] or other fluorinated amphetamines like [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}

This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This allows these molecules to accumulate within core regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], motivational and physically and cognitively [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogenic]] [[substituted amphetamines]] such as [[MDMA]] or other fluorinated amphetamines like [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}

==Subjective effects==

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
-Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[releaser]] of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].{{citation needed}}.
+Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] and [[releaser]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].<ref name="tessel">Tessel RE, Rutledge CO. Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1976;15:142.</ref><ref name="tessel2">Tessel RE, Woods JH. Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1978; 2: 274–81.</ref>
-Notably, it has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser"<ref>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Structural relationship between meta-substituted N-ethylamphetamines and self-administration in rhesus monkeys. ''Pharmacologist'' 1974;16:142.</ref><ref>Tessel RE, Rutledge CO. Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1976;15:142.</ref><ref>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1978; 2: 274–81.</ref>
+Notably, it has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser."<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" />
-This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This allows these molecules to accumulate within core regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], motivational and physically and cognitively [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogen]]ic [[substituted amphetamines]] like [[MDMA]] or other fluorinated amphetamines like [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}
+This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This allows these molecules to accumulate within core regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], motivational and physically and cognitively [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogenic]] [[substituted amphetamines]] such as [[MDMA]] or other fluorinated amphetamines like [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}
 ==Subjective effects==