Serotonergic psychedelic: Difference between revisions

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Many serotonergic psychedelics, such as the family of [[tryptamines]], have very strong structural similarities to serotonin itself, which partially explains the affinity for certain 5-HT sites. It is almost unanimously agreed that most serotonergic psychedelics produce their effect by acting as strong partial [[agonists]] at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors.{{citation needed}}

The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops ("CSTC-loops") seem to be central to the function of psychedelics<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref>, which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.

The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops (also known as CSTC-loops) seem to be central to the function of psychedelics<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref>, which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.

The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3181663&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract</ref><ref>[http://www.neuroculturelab.com/portfolio/edelrausch-im-labor/ Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref> Furthermore, there is an over-activation of the locus coerlueus and thereby widespread [[norepinephrine]] secretion, causing a state of spiritual transcendence and sometimes even intense spiritual experiences.

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 Many serotonergic psychedelics, such as the family of [[tryptamines]], have very strong structural similarities to serotonin itself, which partially explains the affinity for certain 5-HT sites. It is almost unanimously agreed that most serotonergic psychedelics produce their effect by acting as strong partial [[agonists]] at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors.{{citation needed}}
-The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops ("CSTC-loops") seem to be central to the function of psychedelics<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref>, which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.
+The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops (also known as CSTC-loops) seem to be central to the function of psychedelics<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref>, which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.
 The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3181663&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract</ref><ref>[http://www.neuroculturelab.com/portfolio/edelrausch-im-labor/ Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref> Furthermore, there is an over-activation of the locus coerlueus and thereby widespread [[norepinephrine]] secretion, causing a state of spiritual transcendence and sometimes even intense spiritual experiences.