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4F-EPH: Difference between revisions

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| ''[[4F-EPH/Summary|Summary sheet: 4F-EPH]]''
| ''[[4F-EPH/Summary|Summary sheet: 4F-EPH]]''
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'''4F-EPH''' (also known as '''4'-fluoro-ethylphenidate''') is a recently released [[designer drug]] and research [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::piperidine|substituted piperidine]] classes. It can be considered to be a close structural analog of [[ethylphenidate]] and [[methylphenidate]] (Ritalin) and likely acts as some form of double or triple [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] like other compounds in its class.


4F-EPH has little to no history of human usage prior to its design and distribution by vendors online as a [[research chemical]] in 2016. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom due to a temporary blanket ban that was placed. Like other members of the [[substituted phenidate]] family anecdotal reports suggest that 4F-EPH can be caustic to the nasal cavities, although notably, not as much as [[ethylphenidate]].
'''4-Ethylphenidate''' (commonly known as '''4F-EPH''') is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::substituted phenethylamine]] and [[chemical class::piperidine]] classes that produces long-lasting [[Euphoria|euphoriant]], and [[stimulant|stimulating]] effects associated with potent [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s when [[Routes of administration|adminstered]]. It is a closely related structural analog of the commonly prescribed ADHD drug [[methylphenidate]] (known by the brand-names ''Ritalin'' and ''Focalin'') as well as its [[designer drug]] analog [[ethylphenidate]]. Based on its similarities to other memebers of this class, it is speculated to exert its activity as some form of double or triple [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when approaching this drug.
Like other members of the [[substituted phenidate]] family, anecdotal reports suggest that 4F-EPH can be corrosive to the nasal cavities, albeit not to the degree of [[ethylphenidate]].
 
4F-EPH has little to no history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets. It was initially developed as a replacement and successor for compounds like [[ethylphenidate]] or [[4-MPH]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom starting on April 2015. In 2016, it became made available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]].
 
Due to its potent, long-lasting stimulant effect, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown short and long-term toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
4F-EPH is believed to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] than the closely related [[methylphenidate]],<ref>Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026075</ref><ref>Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846865</ref><ref>Chemistry, design, and structure-activity relationship of cocaine antagonists (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11749256</ref> meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those [[monoamine]]s from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine to accumulate within the certain focalized regions of the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
4F-EPH is believed to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] than the closely related [[methylphenidate]],<ref>Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026075</ref><ref>Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846865</ref><ref>Chemistry, design, and structure-activity relationship of cocaine antagonists (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11749256</ref> meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those [[monoamine]]s from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine to accumulate within the certain focalized regions of the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.


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==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4F-EPH use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 4F-EPH is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 4F-EPH suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4F-EPH use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 4F-EPH is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 4F-EPH suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 4F-EPH can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 4F-EPH can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
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*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Ethylphenidate]]
*[[Stimulant]]
*[[Stimulant]]
*[[Substituted phenidate]]
*[[Substituted phenidate]]
*[[Ethylphenidate]]
*[[4F-MPH]]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Piperidine]]
[[Category:Piperidine]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/4F-EPH"