6-APDB: Difference between revisions

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Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Due to its similarity to MDMA, it is likely that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APDB can be neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref><ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref> in some form.

The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible ~~drug~~ use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.

The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible substance use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.

===Short-term health concerns===

Short-term physical health risks of 6-APDB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the ~~drug~~ may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, although this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APDB.

Short-term physical health risks of 6-APDB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the substance may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, although this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APDB.

Although it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APDB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat.<ref>(PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref><ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref>

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As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 6-APDB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]] to the point that the ~~drug~~ eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APDB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APDB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.

As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]] to the point that the substance eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APDB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APDB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.

===Dangerous interactions===

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*'''Canada:''' 6-APDB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.

*'''United Kingdom:''' On June 10, 2013, 6-APDB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APDB would be made a class B ~~drug~~ on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/contents/made</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' On June 10, 2013, 6-APDB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APDB would be made a class B substance on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/contents/made</ref>

*'''United States:''' 6-APDB is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[MDA]] (which is a Schedule I ~~drug~~ under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale and possession for the purposes of human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.

*'''United States:''' 6-APDB is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[MDA]] (which is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale and possession for the purposes of human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.

*'''Italy:''' 6-APDB is a prohibited substance in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>

*'''Sweden:''' 6-APDB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.

*'''New Zealand and Australia:''' Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their ~~drug~~ law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APDB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A ~~drug~~ MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.

*'''New Zealand and Australia:''' Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their substance law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APDB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A substance MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.

*'''Germany:''' 6-APDB is a prohibited substance in Germany.

@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Due to its similarity to MDMA, it is likely that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APDB can be neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref><ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref> in some form.
-The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
+The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible substance use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
 ===Short-term health concerns===
-Short-term physical health risks of 6-APDB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, although this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APDB.
+Short-term physical health risks of 6-APDB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia.<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the substance may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, although this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APDB.
 Although it has not been formally studied, like with MDMA, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APDB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat.<ref>(PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref><ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref>
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 6-APDB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
-As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]] to the point that the drug eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APDB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APDB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
+As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]] to the point that the substance eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APDB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APDB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
 ===Dangerous interactions===
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 *'''Canada:''' 6-APDB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.
-*'''United Kingdom:''' On June 10, 2013, 6-APDB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APDB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/contents/made</ref>
+*'''United Kingdom:''' On June 10, 2013, 6-APDB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APDB would be made a class B substance on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/contents/made</ref>
-*'''United States:''' 6-APDB is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[MDA]] (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale and possession for the purposes of human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.
+*'''United States:''' 6-APDB is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[MDA]] (which is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale and possession for the purposes of human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.
 *'''Italy:''' 6-APDB is a prohibited substance in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
 *'''Sweden:''' 6-APDB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.
-*'''New Zealand and Australia:''' Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APDB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.
+*'''New Zealand and Australia:''' Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their substance law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APDB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A substance MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.
 *'''Germany:''' 6-APDB is a prohibited substance in Germany.