MDPV: Difference between revisions

Line 66:

* Wakefulness

It should be noted that many users consider the after effects of MDPV to be significantly more unpleasant if compulsively redosed.<ref>InnerExplorer. "Personal Research Comedown Guide: An Experience with MDPV (ID 98601)". Erowid.org. Feb 21, 2013. erowid.org/exp/98601 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=98601</ref><ref>Trippy. "Seemingly Real Paranoid Hallucination Hell: An Experience with MDPV (ID 91741)". Erowid.org. Jun 30, 2011. erowid.org/exp/91741 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=91741</ref>

==Toxicity and harm potential==

MDPV has a relatively short history of human use, with very few mentions concerning the use thereof before 2004. Although once considered a potential alternative to existing stimulants with a lower risk for toxicity, human MDPV administration has not been extensively studied in a clinical setting for quite some time. Despite this, several recent studies on cases of persisting psychosis caused by chronic use of MDPV show promising rates of recovery among individuals who are treated with certain [[antipsychotics]] and first-line [[antihistamines]].<ref>Studies concerning MDPV hospitalization, pages 19 to 25. | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> There has been no conclusive data concerning the neurotoxicity of MDPV in the human brain as of 2016. Anecdotal evidence from those who have tried MDPV in the online community suggest that there are no negative health effects associated with the drug if simply taken at low doses by itself and when used sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).

Data taken from in-vitro and in-vivo studies have indicated that MDPV shares similar properties to [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]; in fact, MDPV is more potent than these two stimulants in a number of varying ways.<ref>MDPV In-vivo statistics | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> The over-excitation of dopamine and noradrenaline caused by MDPV use, combined with MDPV's potential inability to create compensatory serotonergic activity, sets the stage for a number of hostile and psychotic reactions to the drug. These hostile tendencies have been witnessed in emergency response situations, and have also seen wide television coverage in the past, after an individual under the influence of MDPV viciously assaulted an innocent bystander. It is uncertain if the individual had any pre-existing mental disorders or if he was under the influence of any other drugs.

===Lethal dosage===

The exact lethal dosage of MDPV is unknown and no formal studies have been carried out in humans. For sake of reference, one report placed the lethal dosage for a 39 year old male at 0.4 micrograms per millilitre or greater following the results of a post mortem,<ref>http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/3/182.full</ref> but this data is far too individually unique and the variables simply too diverse to derive any kind of meaningful information from it.

It is strongly recommended that one use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

As with other stimulants, the chronic use of MDPV can be considered moderately addicting with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. Addiction is a serious risk among users of MDPV as it easily causes compulsive redosing and causes highly unpleasant comedown symptoms.

===Dangerous interactions===

==References==

@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 * Wakefulness
 It should be noted that many users consider the after effects of MDPV to be significantly more unpleasant if compulsively redosed.<ref>InnerExplorer. "Personal Research Comedown Guide: An Experience with MDPV (ID 98601)". Erowid.org. Feb 21, 2013. erowid.org/exp/98601 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=98601</ref><ref>Trippy. "Seemingly Real Paranoid Hallucination Hell: An Experience with MDPV (ID 91741)". Erowid.org. Jun 30, 2011. erowid.org/exp/91741 | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=91741</ref>
+==Toxicity and harm potential==
+MDPV has a relatively short history of human use, with very few mentions concerning the use thereof before 2004. Although once considered a potential alternative to existing stimulants with a lower risk for toxicity, human MDPV administration has not been extensively studied in a clinical setting for quite some time. Despite this, several recent studies on cases of persisting psychosis caused by chronic use of MDPV show promising rates of recovery among individuals who are treated with certain [[antipsychotics]] and first-line [[antihistamines]].<ref>Studies concerning MDPV hospitalization, pages 19 to 25. | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> There has been no conclusive data concerning the neurotoxicity of MDPV in the human brain as of 2016. Anecdotal evidence from those who have tried MDPV in the online community suggest that there are no negative health effects associated with the drug if simply taken at low doses by itself and when used sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
+Data taken from in-vitro and in-vivo studies have indicated that MDPV shares similar properties to [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]; in fact, MDPV is more potent than these two stimulants in a number of varying ways.<ref>MDPV In-vivo statistics | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref> The over-excitation of dopamine and noradrenaline caused by MDPV use, combined with MDPV's potential inability to create compensatory serotonergic activity, sets the stage for a number of hostile and psychotic reactions to the drug. These hostile tendencies have been witnessed in emergency response situations, and have also seen wide television coverage in the past, after an individual under the influence of MDPV viciously assaulted an innocent bystander. It is uncertain if the individual had any pre-existing mental disorders or if he was under the influence of any other drugs.
+===Lethal dosage===
+The exact lethal dosage of MDPV is unknown and no formal studies have been carried out in humans. For sake of reference, one report placed the lethal dosage for a 39 year old male at 0.4 micrograms per millilitre or greater following the results of a post mortem,<ref>http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/3/182.full</ref> but this data is far too individually unique and the variables simply too diverse to derive any kind of meaningful information from it.
+It is strongly recommended that one use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
+===Tolerance and addiction potential===
+As with other stimulants, the chronic use of MDPV can be considered moderately addicting with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. Addiction is a serious risk among users of MDPV as it easily causes compulsive redosing and causes highly unpleasant comedown symptoms.
+===Dangerous interactions===
 ==References==