Isomer: Difference between revisions

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In chemistry, '''isomers''' are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, ~~etc~~. There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).

In chemistry, '''isomers''' are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, and others. There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).

==Forms of Isomerism==

===Structural Isomers===

In structural isomers, sometimes referred to as constitutional isomers, the atoms and functional groups are joined together in different ways. The isomers have the same amount of each molecule, but the molecules are arranged in different ways. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names and may or may not belong to the same functional group. This group includes chain isomerism whereby hydrocarbon chains have variable amounts of branching; position isomerism which deals with the position of a functional group on a chain; and functional group isomerism in which one functional group is split up into different ones.

In structural isomers, sometimes referred to as constitutional isomers, the atoms and functional groups are joined together in different ways. The isomers have the same amount of each molecule, but the molecules are arranged in different ways. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names and may or may not belong to the same functional group. This group includes chain isomerism whereby hydrocarbon chains have variable amounts of branching: position isomerism which deals with the position of a functional group on a chain and functional group isomerism in which one functional group is split up into different ones.

===Stereoisomers===

In stereoisomers the bond structure is the same, but the geometrical positioning of atoms and functional groups in space differs. This class includes enantiomers which are non-superimposable mirror-images of each other, and diastereomers which are not. Enantiomers always contain chiral centres and diastereomers often do, but there are some diastereomers which are neither chiral nor contain chiral centers. Another type of isomer, conformational isomers (conformers), may be rotamers, diastereomers or enantiomers depending on the exact compound.

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-In chemistry, '''isomers''' are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, etc.  There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).
+In chemistry, '''isomers''' are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, and others.  There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).
 ==Forms of Isomerism==
 ===Structural Isomers===
-In structural isomers, sometimes referred to as constitutional isomers, the atoms and functional groups are joined together in different ways. The isomers have the same amount of each molecule, but the molecules are arranged in different ways. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names and may or may not belong to the same functional group. This group includes chain isomerism whereby hydrocarbon chains have variable amounts of branching; position isomerism which deals with the position of a functional group on a chain; and functional group isomerism in which one functional group is split up into different ones.
+In structural isomers, sometimes referred to as constitutional isomers, the atoms and functional groups are joined together in different ways. The isomers have the same amount of each molecule, but the molecules are arranged in different ways. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names and may or may not belong to the same functional group. This group includes chain isomerism whereby hydrocarbon chains have variable amounts of branching: position isomerism which deals with the position of a functional group on a chain and functional group isomerism in which one functional group is split up into different ones.
 ===Stereoisomers===
 In stereoisomers the bond structure is the same, but the geometrical positioning of atoms and functional groups in space differs. This class includes enantiomers which are non-superimposable mirror-images of each other, and diastereomers which are not. Enantiomers always contain chiral centres and diastereomers often do, but there are some diastereomers which are neither chiral nor contain chiral centers. Another type of isomer, conformational isomers (conformers), may be rotamers, diastereomers or enantiomers depending on the exact compound.