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Cannabinoid: Difference between revisions
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It should be noted that pre-mixed, branded blends (like Spice and K2) are more dangerous than pure powder because the specific chemicals and dosages are usually unlisted as well as the potential of inconsistent areas of dense powder, leading to an overdose. As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience. | It should be noted that pre-mixed, branded blends (like Spice and K2) are more dangerous than pure powder because the specific chemicals and dosages are usually unlisted as well as the potential of inconsistent areas of dense powder, leading to an overdose. As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience. | ||
Like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref name="british">Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. Synthetic cannabinoid use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011. | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49831304_Every-Palmer_S_Synthetic_cannabinoid_JWH-018_and_psychosis_An_explorative_study</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref name="teen">A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref> It is recommended that individuals with risk factors for psychotic disorders not use synthetic cannabinoids.<ref> Every-Palmer, S (September 1, 2011). "Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study.". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 117 (2-3): 152–7 (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316162</ref> | Like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref name="british">Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. Synthetic cannabinoid use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011. | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49831304_Every-Palmer_S_Synthetic_cannabinoid_JWH-018_and_psychosis_An_explorative_study</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref name="teen">A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref> It is recommended that individuals with risk factors for psychotic disorders not use synthetic cannabinoids.<ref> Every-Palmer, S (September 1, 2011). "Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study.". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 117 (2-3): 152–7 (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316162</ref> | ||
Although there is no valid data on the toxicity of synthetic cannabinoids so far, there is concern that the naphthalene group found in THJ-018 and some other [[synthetic cannabinoids]] may be toxic or carcinogenic.<ref>Naphthalene - United States Environmental Protection Agency | http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/naphthal.html</ref><ref>Toxicity and metabolism of methylnaphthalenes: comparison with naphthalene and 1-nitronaphthalene. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464565</ref><ref>Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) | https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Synthetic_Cannabinoids.pdf</ref><ref>HAMILTON MORRIS: NAPTHALENE IS SO OVER | http://hamiltonmorris.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/napthalene-is-so-over.html</ref> | Although there is no valid data on the toxicity of synthetic cannabinoids so far, there is concern that the naphthalene group found in THJ-018 and some other [[synthetic cannabinoids]] may be toxic or carcinogenic.<ref>Naphthalene - United States Environmental Protection Agency | http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/naphthal.html</ref><ref>Toxicity and metabolism of methylnaphthalenes: comparison with naphthalene and 1-nitronaphthalene. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464565</ref><ref>Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) | https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Synthetic_Cannabinoids.pdf</ref><ref>HAMILTON MORRIS: NAPTHALENE IS SO OVER | http://hamiltonmorris.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/napthalene-is-so-over.html</ref> | ||