Dihydrocodeine: Difference between revisions

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'''Dihydrocodeine''' is a semi-synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an [[antitussive]], either alone or compounded with paracetamol (as in co-dydramol) or aspirin. It was developed in Germany in 1908 and first marketed in 1911.~~[2]~~

'''Dihydrocodeine''' is a semi-synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an [[antitussive]], either alone or compounded with paracetamol (as in co-dydramol) or aspirin. It was developed in Germany in 1908 and first marketed in 1911.<ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qoyYobgX0uwC&pg=PA404&lpg=PA404&dq=dihydrocodeine+1908+1911&source=bl&ots=Y7ALb1Yqjo&sig=FIkb3K4UwiXhn8LeO2EzXgxOGQk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-mq9UsT5J4a10QXT0ID4CQ&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=dihydrocodeine%201908%201911&f=false</ref>

Dihydrocodeine is also known as ''Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone. Its many brand names include Synalgos DC, Panlor DC, Panlor SS, Contugesic, New Bron Solution-ACE, Huscode, Drocode, Paracodin, Codidol, Dehace, Didor Continus, Dicogesic, Codhydrine, Dekacodin, DH-Codeine, Didrate, Dihydrin, Hydrocodin, Nadeine, Novicodin, Rapacodin, Fortuss, Paramol, Remedeine, Dico and DF-118''.

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Commonly available as tablets, solutions, elixirs, and other oral forms, dihydrocodeine is also available in some countries as an injectable solution for deep subcutaneous and intra-muscular administration. As with codeine, intravenous administration should be avoided, as it could result in anaphylaxis and dangerous pulmonary edema. In past times, dihydrocodeine suppositories were used; however, dihydrocodeine is available in suppository form on prescription.

Dihydrocodeine is used as an alternative or adjunct to [[codeine]] and is similar in chemical structure. Depending on individual metabolism, dihydrocodeine is 100 to 150 percent as strong as codeine. Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (one hundred times more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.~~[3]~~

Dihydrocodeine is used as an alternative or adjunct to [[codeine]] and is similar in chemical structure. Depending on individual metabolism, dihydrocodeine is 100 to 150 percent as strong as codeine. Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (one hundred times more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.<ref>The role of active metabolites in dihydrocodeine effects | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12665158</ref>

Dihydrocodeine is also the original member and chemical base of a number of similar semi-synthetic opiates such as [[acetyldihydrocodeine]], [[dihydrocodeine enol acetate]], [[dihydroisocodeine]], [[nicocodeine]], and [[nicodicodeine]].

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 {{SubstanceBox/Dihydrocodeine}}
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-'''Dihydrocodeine''' is a semi-synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an [[antitussive]], either alone or compounded with paracetamol (as in co-dydramol) or aspirin. It was developed in Germany in 1908 and first marketed in 1911.[2]
+'''Dihydrocodeine''' is a semi-synthetic [[opioid]] [[analgesic]] prescribed for pain or severe dyspnea, or as an [[antitussive]], either alone or compounded with paracetamol (as in co-dydramol) or aspirin. It was developed in Germany in 1908 and first marketed in 1911.<ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qoyYobgX0uwC&pg=PA404&lpg=PA404&dq=dihydrocodeine+1908+1911&source=bl&ots=Y7ALb1Yqjo&sig=FIkb3K4UwiXhn8LeO2EzXgxOGQk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-mq9UsT5J4a10QXT0ID4CQ&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=dihydrocodeine%201908%201911&f=false</ref>
 Dihydrocodeine is also known as ''Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone. Its many brand names include Synalgos DC, Panlor DC, Panlor SS, Contugesic, New Bron Solution-ACE, Huscode, Drocode, Paracodin, Codidol, Dehace, Didor Continus, Dicogesic, Codhydrine, Dekacodin, DH-Codeine, Didrate, Dihydrin, Hydrocodin, Nadeine, Novicodin, Rapacodin, Fortuss, Paramol, Remedeine, Dico and DF-118''.
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 Commonly available as tablets, solutions, elixirs, and other oral forms, dihydrocodeine is also available in some countries as an injectable solution for deep subcutaneous and intra-muscular administration. As with codeine, intravenous administration should be avoided, as it could result in anaphylaxis and dangerous pulmonary edema. In past times, dihydrocodeine suppositories were used; however, dihydrocodeine is available in suppository form on prescription.
-Dihydrocodeine is used as an alternative or adjunct to [[codeine]] and is similar in chemical structure. Depending on individual metabolism, dihydrocodeine is 100 to 150 percent as strong as codeine. Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (one hundred times more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.[3]
+Dihydrocodeine is used as an alternative or adjunct to [[codeine]] and is similar in chemical structure. Depending on individual metabolism, dihydrocodeine is 100 to 150 percent as strong as codeine. Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (one hundred times more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.<ref>The role of active metabolites in dihydrocodeine effects | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12665158</ref>
 Dihydrocodeine is also the original member and chemical base of a number of similar semi-synthetic opiates such as [[acetyldihydrocodeine]], [[dihydrocodeine enol acetate]], [[dihydroisocodeine]], [[nicocodeine]], and [[nicodicodeine]].