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Routes of administration: Difference between revisions
>David Hedlund →Orally inactive tryptamines: Additionally, many alkaloids, have a bitter taste that makes them difficult to keep in the mouth, triggering a swallowing reflex. To improve tolerability with this route, using a safe taste-masking agent is recommended. |
>David Hedlund →E-cigarette: indent |
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Re-used uncleaned vapes, and vape sharing, may cause bacterial pneumonia,<ref name="pmid32042584">{{cite journal |last1=Kooragayalu |first1=S |last2=El-Zarif |first2=S |last3=Jariwala |first3=S |doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.100997 |pmid=32042584 |pmc=6997893}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vaping changes oral microbiome and raises infection risk |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vaping-changes-oral-microbiome-and-raises-infection-risk |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |date=14 March 2020}}</ref> fungal pneumonia,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mughal |first1=Mohsin Sheraz |last2=Dalmacion |first2=Denise Lauren V. |last3=Mirza |first3=Hasan Mahmood |last4=Kaur |first4=Ikwinder Preet |last5=Dela Cruz |first5=Maria Amanda |last6=Kramer |first6=Violet E. |title=E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury, (EVALI) - A diagnosis of exclusion |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120303889 |website=Respiratory Medicine Case Reports |pages=101174 |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101174 |date=1 January 2020}}</ref> and viral pneumonia.<ref name="pmid32042584" /> | Re-used uncleaned vapes, and vape sharing, may cause bacterial pneumonia,<ref name="pmid32042584">{{cite journal |last1=Kooragayalu |first1=S |last2=El-Zarif |first2=S |last3=Jariwala |first3=S |doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.100997 |pmid=32042584 |pmc=6997893}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vaping changes oral microbiome and raises infection risk |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vaping-changes-oral-microbiome-and-raises-infection-risk |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |date=14 March 2020}}</ref> fungal pneumonia,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mughal |first1=Mohsin Sheraz |last2=Dalmacion |first2=Denise Lauren V. |last3=Mirza |first3=Hasan Mahmood |last4=Kaur |first4=Ikwinder Preet |last5=Dela Cruz |first5=Maria Amanda |last6=Kramer |first6=Violet E. |title=E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury, (EVALI) - A diagnosis of exclusion |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120303889 |website=Respiratory Medicine Case Reports |pages=101174 |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101174 |date=1 January 2020}}</ref> and viral pneumonia.<ref name="pmid32042584" /> | ||
====E-cigarette==== | =====E-cigarette===== | ||
[[File:Electronic Cigarette and USB Charger (14939561277) (retouched).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette, with a battery portion that can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger|alt=Photo of device]] | [[File:Electronic Cigarette and USB Charger (14939561277) (retouched).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette, with a battery portion that can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger|alt=Photo of device]] | ||
An electronic cigarette is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor. As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid. The most common e-liquid carrying agents includes glycerin (often called vegetable glycerin, or VG), and propylene glycol (often referred to as PG). | An electronic cigarette is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor. As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping". The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid. The most common e-liquid carrying agents includes glycerin (often called vegetable glycerin, or VG), and propylene glycol (often referred to as PG). | ||
=====Risks===== | ======Risks====== | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaping-associated_pulmonary_injury Vaping-associated pulmonary injury] (VAPI) is an umbrella term used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaping-associated_pulmonary_injury Vaping-associated pulmonary injury] (VAPI) is an umbrella term used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. | ||