Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

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** Oral: When these substances are taken orally, they are inactive because stomach enzymes called MAO enzymes break it down. To experience effects orally, they are frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination is known as [[pharmahuasca]] for [[DMT]] (or [[5-MeO-DMT]]). When the MAOIs and DMT are derived from plant extracts, it is referred to as [[ayahuasca]]. However, it is important to note that MAOIs require careful consideration, as they can be dangerous when combined with certain drug classes, potentially leading to life-threatening consequences if not used properly.

* Orally ingested as unintended second route: Any amount swallowed undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, rendering it inactive. This can introduce variability in effect intensity among users. Inconclusive experiences due to the swallowed substance may lead to a false sense of security, potentially causing users to increase the dose in subsequent administrations. However, due to the unpredictable nature of salivation or intranasal dripping, this could result in an unexpectedly potent dose due to less substance being metabolized in the stomach.

** In the mouth (buccal (sublabial), sublingual): Holding the substances in the mouth can increase salivation, causing it to be swallowed and deactivated by stomach enzymes.

** In the mouth (buccal (sublabial), sublingual): Holding the substances in the mouth can increase salivation, causing it to be swallowed and deactivated by stomach enzymes. Additionally, many alkaloids, have a bitter taste that makes them difficult to keep in the mouth, triggering a swallowing reflex. To improve tolerability with this route, using a safe taste-masking agent is recommended.

** Insufflation (snorting): When these substances are delivered intranasally (through the nose), they can deposit along the nasal passage and drip down into the gastrointestinal tract.

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 ** Oral: When these substances are taken orally, they are inactive because stomach enzymes called MAO enzymes break it down. To experience effects orally, they are frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination is known as [[pharmahuasca]] for [[DMT]] (or [[5-MeO-DMT]]). When the MAOIs and DMT are derived from plant extracts, it is referred to as [[ayahuasca]]. However, it is important to note that MAOIs require careful consideration, as they can be dangerous when combined with certain drug classes, potentially leading to life-threatening consequences if not used properly.
 * Orally ingested as unintended second route: Any amount swallowed undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, rendering it inactive. This can introduce variability in effect intensity among users. Inconclusive experiences due to the swallowed substance may lead to a false sense of security, potentially causing users to increase the dose in subsequent administrations. However, due to the unpredictable nature of salivation or intranasal dripping, this could result in an unexpectedly potent dose due to less substance being metabolized in the stomach.
-** In the mouth (buccal (sublabial), sublingual): Holding the substances in the mouth can increase salivation, causing it to be swallowed and deactivated by stomach enzymes.
+** In the mouth (buccal (sublabial), sublingual): Holding the substances in the mouth can increase salivation, causing it to be swallowed and deactivated by stomach enzymes. Additionally, many alkaloids, have a bitter taste that makes them difficult to keep in the mouth, triggering a swallowing reflex. To improve tolerability with this route, using a safe taste-masking agent is recommended.
 ** Insufflation (snorting): When these substances are delivered intranasally (through the nose), they can deposit along the nasal passage and drip down into the gastrointestinal tract.