Methylphenidate: Difference between revisions

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===Psychosis===

Chronic ~~abuse~~ of ~~methylphenidate can potentially lead to~~ [[psychosis]].<ref>Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects | http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2000/v02n05/v02n0502.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197204202861607</ref> The safety profile of short-term methylphenidate therapy has been well-established, with short-term clinical trials revealing a very low incidence (0.1%) of methylphenidate-induced psychosis at therapeutic dose levels.<ref>Ritalin & Ritalin-SR Prescribing Information | http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/ritalin_ritalin-sr.pdf</ref> Psychotic symptoms from methylphenidate can include [[Auditory hallucinations|hearing voices]], [[external hallucinations|visual hallucinations]], urges to harm oneself, severe [[anxiety]], [[mania]], [[disinhibition]], [[delusions|paranoid and grandiose delusions]], [[confusion]], [[emotion suppression|emotional suppression]], increased [[aggression]], and [[irritability]].

Chronic use (i.e. high dose, repeat dosing) may increase the risk of [[psychosis]].<ref>Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects | http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2000/v02n05/v02n0502.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197204202861607</ref> The safety profile of short-term methylphenidate therapy has been well-established, with short-term clinical trials revealing a very low incidence (0.1%) of methylphenidate-induced psychosis at therapeutic dose levels.<ref>Ritalin & Ritalin-SR Prescribing Information | http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/ritalin_ritalin-sr.pdf</ref>

Psychotic symptoms from methylphenidate can include [[Auditory hallucinations|hearing voices]], [[external hallucinations|visual hallucinations]], urges to harm oneself, severe [[anxiety]], [[mania]], [[disinhibition]], [[delusions|paranoid and grandiose delusions]], [[confusion]], [[emotion suppression|emotional suppression]], increased [[aggression]], and [[irritability]].

===Combination with alcohol===

@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 ===Psychosis===
 {{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
-Chronic abuse of methylphenidate can potentially lead to [[psychosis]].<ref>Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects | http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2000/v02n05/v02n0502.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197204202861607</ref> The safety profile of short-term methylphenidate therapy has been well-established, with short-term clinical trials revealing a very low incidence (0.1%) of methylphenidate-induced psychosis at therapeutic dose levels.<ref>Ritalin & Ritalin-SR Prescribing Information |  http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/ritalin_ritalin-sr.pdf</ref> Psychotic symptoms from methylphenidate can include  [[Auditory hallucinations|hearing voices]], [[external hallucinations|visual hallucinations]], urges to harm oneself, severe [[anxiety]], [[mania]], [[disinhibition]], [[delusions|paranoid and grandiose delusions]], [[confusion]], [[emotion suppression|emotional suppression]], increased [[aggression]], and [[irritability]].
+Chronic use (i.e. high dose, repeat dosing) may increase the risk of [[psychosis]].<ref>Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects | http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2000/v02n05/v02n0502.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197204202861607</ref> The safety profile of short-term methylphenidate therapy has been well-established, with short-term clinical trials revealing a very low incidence (0.1%) of methylphenidate-induced psychosis at therapeutic dose levels.<ref>Ritalin & Ritalin-SR Prescribing Information |  http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/ritalin_ritalin-sr.pdf</ref>
+Psychotic symptoms from methylphenidate can include  [[Auditory hallucinations|hearing voices]], [[external hallucinations|visual hallucinations]], urges to harm oneself, severe [[anxiety]], [[mania]], [[disinhibition]], [[delusions|paranoid and grandiose delusions]], [[confusion]], [[emotion suppression|emotional suppression]], increased [[aggression]], and [[irritability]].
 ===Combination with alcohol===