Depression: Difference between revisions

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Major Depression Disorder patients have impaired stress reactivity and recovery, with more severe depression being more impairing. They have greatly higher overall baseline cortisol that subsequently changes less in response to new stressors. This is exhibited behaviorally through higher overall negative emotions and less emotional reactivity to new negative stimuli.

Time of day also has a significant effect on the relationship between depression and cortisol. Typically, in nondepressed patients, cortisol is highest in the morning and lower in the afternoon. MDD patients have much lower ~~baseline~~ baseline cortisol levels in the morning and higher baselines in the afternoon.<ref name="BurkeDavis2005"/>

Time of day also has a significant effect on the relationship between depression and cortisol. Typically, in nondepressed patients, cortisol is highest in the morning and lower in the afternoon. MDD patients have much lower baseline cortisol levels in the morning and higher baselines in the afternoon.<ref name="BurkeDavis2005"/>

Stress robustly reduces neurogenesis and the genes responsible for it in the brain. Antidepressants almost universally promote neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor gene expression.<ref name="SenDuman2008">{{cite journal|last1=Sen|first1=Srijan|last2=Duman|first2=Ronald|last3=Sanacora|first3=Gerard|title=Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Antidepressant Medications: Meta-Analyses and Implications|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=64|issue=6|year=2008|pages=527–532|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.005}}</ref>

@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 Major Depression Disorder patients have impaired stress reactivity and recovery, with more severe depression being more impairing. They have greatly higher overall baseline cortisol that subsequently changes less in response to new stressors. This is exhibited behaviorally through higher overall negative emotions and less emotional reactivity to new negative stimuli.
-Time of day also has a significant effect on the relationship between depression and cortisol. Typically, in nondepressed patients, cortisol is highest in the morning and lower in the afternoon. MDD patients have much lower baseline baseline cortisol levels in the morning and higher baselines in the afternoon.<ref name="BurkeDavis2005"/>
+Time of day also has a significant effect on the relationship between depression and cortisol. Typically, in nondepressed patients, cortisol is highest in the morning and lower in the afternoon. MDD patients have much lower baseline cortisol levels in the morning and higher baselines in the afternoon.<ref name="BurkeDavis2005"/>
 Stress robustly reduces neurogenesis and the genes responsible for it in the brain. Antidepressants almost universally promote neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor gene expression.<ref name="SenDuman2008">{{cite journal|last1=Sen|first1=Srijan|last2=Duman|first2=Ronald|last3=Sanacora|first3=Gerard|title=Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Antidepressant Medications: Meta-Analyses and Implications|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=64|issue=6|year=2008|pages=527–532|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.005}}</ref>