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2C-P: Difference between revisions
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'''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-P''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. 2C-P is a relatively obscure member of the [[2C-x]] family of psychedelic phenethylamines, which are closely related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is known as one of the most potent, dose-sensitive, and long-lasting of the series. Although the precise mechanism is not known, it is thought to produce its psychoactive effects by activating [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in parts of the brain. | '''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-P''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. 2C-P is a relatively obscure member of the [[2C-x]] family of psychedelic phenethylamines, which are closely related to the classical psychedelic [[mescaline]]. It is known as one of the most potent, dose-sensitive, and long-lasting of the series. Although the precise mechanism is not known, it is thought to produce its psychoactive effects by activating [[serotonin]] [[receptors]] in parts of the brain. | ||
2C-P was first synthesized and tested for human activity by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who documented his findings in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved").<ref>https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/ | 2C-P was first synthesized and tested for human activity by the American chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]], who documented his findings in the 1991 book [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved").<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal036.shtml|chapter=#36. 2C-P}}</ref> The reports found in the 2C-P PiHKAL entry remark on its depth and long onset and duration of action, with the commentary section describing 16 mg as a clear overdose with "physical consequences." The commentary also notes the small window separating an adequate dose from an excessive dose, suggesting it is relatively easy to overdose on. | ||
[[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[conceptual thinking]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports tend to characterize the effects of 2C-P in terms of its unusually long duration, powerful, sometimes overwhelming visuals, and intense "body load" consisting of [[nausea]], [[muscle tension]], and general bodily discomfort. Some reports suggest it may be easier to experience agitation and [[delirium]] on 2C-P than other 2C's, perhaps owing to the ease in which it can be mis-dosed. As a result, it is considered to have an unfavorable safety profile among psychedelics. | [[Subjective effects]] include [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[conceptual thinking]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. User reports tend to characterize the effects of 2C-P in terms of its unusually long duration, powerful, sometimes overwhelming visuals, and intense "body load" consisting of [[nausea]], [[muscle tension]], and general bodily discomfort. Some reports suggest it may be easier to experience agitation and [[delirium]] on 2C-P than other 2C's, perhaps owing to the ease in which it can be mis-dosed. As a result, it is considered to have an unfavorable safety profile among psychedelics. | ||
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==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
2C-P or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine is a substituted [[phenethylamines|phenethylamine]] featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-P contains methoxy functional groups CH<sub>3</sub>O- attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a propyl chain attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. 2C-P belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring.<ref | 2C-P or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine is a substituted [[phenethylamines|phenethylamine]] featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-P contains methoxy functional groups CH<sub>3</sub>O- attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a propyl chain attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. 2C-P belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring.<ref name="PiHKAL"/> | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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The LD<sub>50</sub> of 2C-P has not been established. However, it is believed that 2C-P is likely to have a smaller therapeutic window compared to other 2C's, meaning a lethal dose may be achieved more easily. 2C-P is known to be highly dose-sensitive: a difference of 2 or 5 milligrams may radically change the nature of the experience along with its safety profile. Users who wish to take high doses of this compound are advised to titrate upward slowly, use reliable milligram scales to measure doses, and avoid non-oral routes of administration such as insufflation or injection. | The LD<sub>50</sub> of 2C-P has not been established. However, it is believed that 2C-P is likely to have a smaller therapeutic window compared to other 2C's, meaning a lethal dose may be achieved more easily. 2C-P is known to be highly dose-sensitive: a difference of 2 or 5 milligrams may radically change the nature of the experience along with its safety profile. Users who wish to take high doses of this compound are advised to titrate upward slowly, use reliable milligram scales to measure doses, and avoid non-oral routes of administration such as insufflation or injection. | ||
In 2017, a 25-year old British female died following the ingestion of a large dose of 2C-P at a music festival.<ref>Morris, | In 2017, a 25-year old British female died following the ingestion of a large dose of 2C-P at a music festival.<ref>{{cite news|author=Steven Morris|date=February 13, 2019|title=Bestival death may be world's first 2C-P fatality, court hears|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/feb/13/bestival-death-may-be-worlds-first-2-cp-fatality-court-hears|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> No source reported clear evidence that 2C-P by itself led to the immediate death of the female. | ||
===Dependence and abuse potential=== | ===Dependence and abuse potential=== | ||
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===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}} | |||
==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
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*'''Austria''': 2C-P is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | *'''Austria''': 2C-P is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada''': 2C-P would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref> | *'''Canada''': 2C-P would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?schedule=3§ion=ALL&structure=C|title=Schedule III|work=Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA)|publisher=Isomer Design|access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref> | ||
*'''China''': As of October 2015, 2C-P is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 | *'''China''': As of October 2015, 2C-P is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html|title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知|publisher=国家食品药品监督管理总局 [China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)]|date=September 27, 2015|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906191704/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html|archive-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> | ||
*'''Denmark''': 2C-P is on the list of Schedule B controlled substances.<ref>https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=137169</ref> | *'''Denmark''': 2C-P is on the list of Schedule B controlled substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=137169|title=Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=da|id=BEK Nr. 557|date=May 31, 2011|publisher=Civilstyrelsen [Civil Agency]}}</ref> | ||
*'''Germany''': 2C-P is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I) | *'''Germany''': 2C-P is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule I'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html|title=Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln: Anlage I|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of December 13, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl114s1999.pdf|title=Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2014 Teil I Nr. 57|page=1999-2002|publication-date=December 12, 2014|language=de|oclc=231871244|issn=0341-1095|date=December 5, 2014}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln: § 29|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Latvia''': 2C-P is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref> | *'''Latvia''': 2C-P is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086|title=Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem|publisher=VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=November 10, 2005|language=lv}}</ref> | ||
*'''Switzerland''': 2C-P is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Switzerland''': 2C-P is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Turkey:''' 2C-P is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref | *'''Turkey:''' 2C-P is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2011/1310|url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/02/20110213-4.htm|publisher=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication]|publication-date=February 13, 2011|date=January 7, 2011|work=Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 27845|language=tr}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': 2C-P is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref> | *'''United Kingdom''': 2C-P is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref> | ||
*'''United States''': 2C-P is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>http://www.justice.gov/ola/views-letters/112/093011-ltr-re-hr1254-synthetic-drug-control-act-2011.pdf</ref> This means 2C-P is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, process, or distribute without a license from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). | *'''United States''': 2C-P is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{cite letter|url=http://www.justice.gov/ola/views-letters/112/093011-ltr-re-hr1254-synthetic-drug-control-act-2011.pdf|publisher=Office of Legislative Affairs|author=Ronald Weich (Assistant Attorney General)|recipient=F. James Sensenbrenner Jr. (Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security)|date=September 30, 2011|subject=Additional Synthetic Drugs for Inclusion in section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act}}</ref> This means 2C-P is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, process, or distribute without a license from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||