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Visual acuity enhancement: Difference between revisions
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{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/IndolentDeliriousGiantschnauzer.webm|400x225|right|'''Visual acuity enhancement''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This animation serves as a replication of visual acuity enhancement, which is a common [[psychedelic]] effect. It demonstrates the general differences between normal vision and acuity enhancement by shifting between the two states. There is also a subtle amount of visual [[drifting]] within this replication.|frame}} | {{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/IndolentDeliriousGiantschnauzer.webm|400x225|right|'''Visual acuity enhancement''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This animation serves as a replication of visual acuity enhancement, which is a common [[psychedelic]] effect. It demonstrates the general differences between normal vision and acuity enhancement by shifting between the two states. There is also a subtle amount of visual [[drifting]] within this replication.|frame}} | ||
'''Acuity enhancement''' is defined as a heightening of the clearness and clarity of vision. This results in the visual details of the external environment becoming sharpened to the point where the edges of objects become perceived as extremely focused, clear, and defined. The experience of acuity enhancement can be likened to bringing a camera or projector lens that was slightly blurry into focus. At its highest level, a person may experience the ability to observe and comprehend their entire visual field simultaneously, including their peripheral vision. This is in contrast to the default sober state where a person is only able to perceive the small area of central vision in detail.<ref>Sardegna, | '''Acuity enhancement''' is defined as a heightening of the clearness and clarity of vision. This results in the visual details of the external environment becoming sharpened to the point where the edges of objects become perceived as extremely focused, clear, and defined. The experience of acuity enhancement can be likened to bringing a camera or projector lens that was slightly blurry into focus. At its highest level, a person may experience the ability to observe and comprehend their entire visual field simultaneously, including their peripheral vision. This is in contrast to the default sober state where a person is only able to perceive the small area of central vision in detail.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Sardegna, J.)), ((Shelly, S.)) | date= 2002 | title=The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment | publisher=Infobase Publishing | isbn=9780816066230 | access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> | ||
While under the influence of this effect, it is common for people to suddenly notice patterns and details in the environment they may have never previously noticed or appreciated. For example, the complexity and perceived beauty of the visual input often become apparent when looking at sceneries, nature, and everyday textures. | While under the influence of this effect, it is common for people to suddenly notice patterns and details in the environment they may have never previously noticed or appreciated. For example, the complexity and perceived beauty of the visual input often become apparent when looking at sceneries, nature, and everyday textures. | ||
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It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis|journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=8|issue=1|year=1996|pages=60–66|issn=0895-0172|doi=10.1176/jnp.8.1.60}}</ref><ref name="McGhieChapman1961">{{cite journal|last1=McGhie|first1=Andrew|last2=Chapman|first2=James|title=Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia|journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|year=1961|pages=103–116|issn=00071129|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=F.|title=Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=31|issue=S 2|year=2007|pages=92–103|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2007-979353}}</ref> | It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis|journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=8|issue=1|year=1996|pages=60–66|issn=0895-0172|doi=10.1176/jnp.8.1.60}}</ref><ref name="McGhieChapman1961">{{cite journal|last1=McGhie|first1=Andrew|last2=Chapman|first2=James|title=Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia|journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|year=1961|pages=103–116|issn=00071129|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=F.|title=Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=31|issue=S 2|year=2007|pages=92–103|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2007-979353}}</ref> | ||
The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>Goddard, A. W.; Charney, D. S. Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 58(suppl. 2):4–11; 1997. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9078988</ref><ref>Steriade, M.; Descheˆnes, M. Cellular thalamic mechanisms. In: Bentivoglio, M.; Spreafico, R., eds. Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert state. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1988:37–62. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10017402609/en/</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems | The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>Goddard, A. W.; Charney, D. S. Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 58(suppl. 2):4–11; 1997. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9078988</ref><ref>Steriade, M.; Descheˆnes, M. Cellular thalamic mechanisms. In: Bentivoglio, M.; Spreafico, R., eds. Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert state. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1988:37–62. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10017402609/en/</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider1998">Vollenweider F. (1998). Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Heffter Rev. Psychedel. Res. 1, 21–32. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10019112167/</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience. | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||