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Opioids: Difference between revisions
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====='''Zeta (ζ)'''===== | ====='''Zeta (ζ)'''===== | ||
The zeta opioid receptor, also known as opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) is responsible for tissue growth, neural development, and is further implicated in the development in some cancers.<ref name="pmid10519055">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zagon IS, Wu Y, McLaughlin PJ | title = Opioid growth factor and organ development in rat and human embryos | journal = Brain Res. | volume = 839 | issue = 2 | pages = 313–22 |date=August 1999 | pmid = 10519055 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01753-9 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid12854052">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sassani JW, Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ | title = Opioid growth factor modulation of corneal epithelium: uppers and downers | journal = Curr. Eye Res. | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 249–62 |date=May 2003 | pmid = 12854052 | doi = 10.1076/ceyr.26.4.249.15427| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10024694">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zagon IS, Smith JP, McLaughlin PJ | title = Human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in tissue culture is tonically inhibited by opioid growth factor | journal = Int. J. Oncol. | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 577–84 |date=March 1999 | pmid = 10024694 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.14.3.577| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10200353">{{cite journal | vauthors = McLaughlin PJ, Levin RJ, Zagon IS | title = Regulation of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth in tissue culture by opioid growth factor | journal = Int. J. Oncol. | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 991–8 |date=May 1999 | pmid = 10200353 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.14.5.991| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17974995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheng F, Zagon IS, Verderame MF, McLaughlin PJ |title=The opioid growth factor (OGF)-OGF receptor axis uses the p16 pathway to inhibit head and neck cancer |journal=Cancer Research |volume=67 |issue=21 |pages=10511–8 |date=November 2007 |pmid=17974995 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1922 |url= |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19297547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Donahue RN, McLaughlin PJ, Zagon IS |title=Cell Proliferation of Human Ovarian Cancer is Regulated by the Opioid Growth Factor - Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Axis |journal=American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |volume= 296|issue= 6|pages= R1716–25|date=March 2009 |pmid=19297547 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.00075.2009 |url= |issn=}}</ref> The endogenous ligand for OGFr is met-enkephalin, which is also a powerful endogenous delta opioid receptor agonist.<ref name="Stein1999">{{cite book | author = Christoph Stein | title = Opioids in pain control: basic and clinical aspects | url = https://books.google.com/books?id = 4Rfr8cQayvgC&pg = PA22 | accessdate = 25 November 2011 | year = 1999 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-62269-1 | pages = 22–23}}</ref> | The zeta opioid receptor, also known as opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) is responsible for tissue growth, neural development, and is further implicated in the development in some cancers.<ref name="pmid10519055">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zagon IS, Wu Y, McLaughlin PJ | title = Opioid growth factor and organ development in rat and human embryos | journal = Brain Res. | volume = 839 | issue = 2 | pages = 313–22 |date=August 1999 | pmid = 10519055 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01753-9 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid12854052">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sassani JW, Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ | title = Opioid growth factor modulation of corneal epithelium: uppers and downers | journal = Curr. Eye Res. | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 249–62 |date=May 2003 | pmid = 12854052 | doi = 10.1076/ceyr.26.4.249.15427| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10024694">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zagon IS, Smith JP, McLaughlin PJ | title = Human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in tissue culture is tonically inhibited by opioid growth factor | journal = Int. J. Oncol. | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 577–84 |date=March 1999 | pmid = 10024694 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.14.3.577| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10200353">{{cite journal | vauthors = McLaughlin PJ, Levin RJ, Zagon IS | title = Regulation of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth in tissue culture by opioid growth factor | journal = Int. J. Oncol. | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 991–8 |date=May 1999 | pmid = 10200353 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.14.5.991| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17974995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheng F, Zagon IS, Verderame MF, McLaughlin PJ |title=The opioid growth factor (OGF)-OGF receptor axis uses the p16 pathway to inhibit head and neck cancer |journal=Cancer Research |volume=67 |issue=21 |pages=10511–8 |date=November 2007 |pmid=17974995 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1922 |url= |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19297547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Donahue RN, McLaughlin PJ, Zagon IS |title=Cell Proliferation of Human Ovarian Cancer is Regulated by the Opioid Growth Factor - Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Axis |journal=American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |volume= 296|issue= 6|pages= R1716–25|date=March 2009 |pmid=19297547 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.00075.2009 |url= |issn=}}</ref> The endogenous ligand for OGFr is met-enkephalin, which is also a powerful endogenous delta opioid receptor agonist.<ref name="Stein1999">{{cite book | author = Christoph Stein | title = Opioids in pain control: basic and clinical aspects | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4Rfr8cQayvgC&pg=PA22 | accessdate = 25 November 2011 | year = 1999 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-62269-1 | pages = 22–23}}</ref> | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||