MDPV: Difference between revisions

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'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel~~, extremely potent synthetic~~ [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] ~~chemical~~ classes ~~that produces states~~ of ~~extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]],~~ and ~~[[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]~~. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.~~com/patents/US3478050</ref>~~

'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel lesser-known [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] classes. It is known to be one of the most powerful and potent stimulants. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI).

MDPV was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref> It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, despite showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>

MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}

~~Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and~~, ~~although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine~~, ~~MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review~~.~~pdf?ua=1</ref>~~

Subjective effects include [[stimulation]], [[disinhibition]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and powerful [[euphoria]].

Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref>

Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref> It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.

==Chemistry==

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 {{SubstanceBox/MDPV}}
-'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel, extremely potent synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] chemical classes that produces states of extreme [[Euphoria|stimulant euphoria]], [[disinhibition]], and [[Increased libido|sexual arousal]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI) and possesses powerful euphoric [[stimulant]] qualities. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref>
+'''3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone''' (also known as '''MDPV''' and imprecisely as '''Bath Salts''', among many others) is a novel lesser-known [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] classes. It is known to be one of the most powerful and potent stimulants. MDPV is thought to act primarily as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI).
+MDPV was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim.<ref>US Patent 3478050 - 1-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-alkanones-(1) | https://www.google.com/patents/US3478050</ref> It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, despite showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>
 MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}
-Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>
+Subjective effects include [[stimulation]], [[disinhibition]], [[increased libido]], [[appetite suppression]], and powerful [[euphoria]].
-Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref>
+Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref name="EMCDDA">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf|title=MDPV: EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone)|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref> It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
 ==Chemistry==