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Opioids: Difference between revisions
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>MrFakaname Added drug-food and drug-gene interaction. I had trouble with the citations but I swear by this info. It's from a legit NIH study. If I cited it wrong, tell me how to fix it and I will. |
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(PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163293</ref> | (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163293</ref> | ||
====='''Delta (δ)'''===== | ====='''Delta (δ)'''===== | ||
The delta receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], antidepressant and convulsant effects as well as physical dependence.<ref name="receptors"/> | The delta receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], antidepressant and convulsant effects as well as physical dependence.<ref name="receptors" /> | ||
====='''Kappa (κ)'''===== | ====='''Kappa (κ)'''===== | ||
The kappa receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], [[anticonvulsant]], [[dissociative]] and [[deliriant]] effects as well as dysphoria, neuroprotection and [[sedation]].<ref name="receptors"/> | The kappa receptor is responsible for the [[analgesia]], [[anticonvulsant]], [[dissociative]] and [[deliriant]] effects as well as dysphoria, neuroprotection and [[sedation]].<ref name="receptors" /> | ||
====='''Mu (μ)'''===== | ====='''Mu (μ)'''===== | ||
The mu receptor is responsible for [[analgesia]], physical dependence, [[respiratory depression]], [[euphoria]], and possible [[vasodilation]].<ref name="receptors"/> | The mu receptor is responsible for [[analgesia]], physical dependence, [[respiratory depression]], [[euphoria]], and possible [[vasodilation]].<ref name="receptors" /> | ||
====='''Nociceptin'''===== | ====='''Nociceptin'''===== | ||
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==Chemical classes== | ==Chemical classes== | ||
<div class= | <div class="flex-panel"> | ||
<div class= | <div class="flex-column"> | ||
<div class="panel radius"> | <div class="panel radius"> | ||
<h3 class="panel-header">Naturally occuring[[file:leaf.svg|20px|right]]</h3> | <h3 class="panel-header">Naturally occuring[[file:leaf.svg|20px|right]]</h3> | ||
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*'''[[Diacetylmorphine]]''' (Heroin) | *'''[[Diacetylmorphine]]''' (Heroin) | ||
*'''[[Ethylmorphine]]''' | *'''[[Ethylmorphine]]''' | ||
*'''[[Dihydrocodeine]]''' | *'''[[Dihydrocodeine]]''' | ||
*'''[[Hydrocodone]]''' | *'''[[Hydrocodone]]''' | ||
*'''[[Hydromorphone]]''' | *'''[[Hydromorphone]]''' | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
<div class= | <div class="flex-column"> | ||
<div class="panel radius"> | <div class="panel radius"> | ||
<h3 class="panel-header">Synthetic[[file:flask.svg|20px|right]]</h3> | <h3 class="panel-header">Synthetic[[file:flask.svg|20px|right]]</h3> | ||
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{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Opioids}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Opioids}} | ||
While grapefruit is not psychoactive, it may affect the metabolism of certain opioids. Tramadol, Oxycodone, and Fentanyl are all primarily metabolized by the enzyme CYP3A4, which is potently inhibited by grapefruit juice<ref name=":0">[https://journals.lww.com/journaladdictionmedicine/Citation/2020/04000/Opioid_Toxidrome_Following_Grapefruit_Juice.14.aspx]</ref>. This may cause the drug to take longer to clear from the body. it may increase toxicity with repeated doses. Methadone may also be affected<ref name=":0" />. Grapefruit juice Codeine and hydrocodone are metabolized by CYP2D6. While the effect on hydrocodone is unclear, people who are on medicines that inhibit CYP2D6, or that lack the enzyme due to a genetic mutation will not respond to codeine as it can not be metabolized into it's active product, morphine. Morphine, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone are not affected by either enzyme. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Depressant]] | *[[Depressant]] | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid Opioid (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid Opioid (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates.shtml Opiates (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates.shtml Opiates (Erowid Vault)] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive class]] | [[Category:Psychoactive class]] | ||
[[Category:Opioid|*]] | [[Category:Opioid|*]] | ||