Geometry: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Switch by Sam Perkins.png|250px|thumb|right|''Switch by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/thecubb/5132746341/ Sam Perkins]'' - This image serves as an example of a single frame of typical level 4 [[psychedelic]] geometry.]]

'''Geometry''' is defined as the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="BressloffCowan2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bressloff|first1=Paul C.|last2=Cowan|first2=Jack D.|last3=Golubitsky|first3=Martin|last4=Thomas|first4=Peter J.|last5=Wiener|first5=Matthew C.|title=What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex|journal=Neural Computation|volume=14|issue=3|year=2002|pages=473–491|issn=0899-7667|doi=10.1162/089976602317250861}}</ref><ref name="MuthukumaraswamyCarhart-Harris2013">{{cite journal|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=S. D.|last2=Carhart-Harris|first2=R. L.|last3=Moran|first3=R. J.|last4=Brookes|first4=M. J.|last5=Williams|first5=T. M.|last6=Errtizoe|first6=D.|last7=Sessa|first7=B.|last8=Papadopoulos|first8=A.|last9=Bolstridge|first9=M.|last10=Singh|first10=K. D.|last11=Feilding|first11=A.|last12=Friston|first12=K. J.|last13=Nutt|first13=D. J.|title=Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=38|year=2013|pages=15171–15183|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and

'''Geometry''' is defined as the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BressloffCowan2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bressloff|first1=Paul C.|last2=Cowan|first2=Jack D.|last3=Golubitsky|first3=Martin|last4=Thomas|first4=Peter J.|last5=Wiener|first5=Matthew C.|title=What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex|journal=Neural Computation|volume=14|issue=3|year=2002|pages=473–491|issn=0899-7667|doi=10.1162/089976602317250861}}</ref><ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013">{{cite journal|last1=Juszczak|first1=Grzegorz R.|last2=Swiergiel|first2=Artur H.|title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds ofArgyreia Nervosa,Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,andIpomoea Purpureain Poland|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=45|issue=1|year=2013|pages=79–93|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref><ref name="MuthukumaraswamyCarhart-Harris2013">{{cite journal|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=S. D.|last2=Carhart-Harris|first2=R. L.|last3=Moran|first3=R. J.|last4=Brookes|first4=M. J.|last5=Williams|first5=T. M.|last6=Errtizoe|first6=D.|last7=Sessa|first7=B.|last8=Papadopoulos|first8=A.|last9=Bolstridge|first9=M.|last10=Singh|first10=K. D.|last11=Feilding|first11=A.|last12=Friston|first12=K. J.|last13=Nutt|first13=D. J.|title=Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=38|year=2013|pages=15171–15183|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013}}</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and

man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013">{{cite journal|last1=Juszczak|first1=Grzegorz R.|last2=Swiergiel|first2=Artur H.|title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds ofArgyreia Nervosa,Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,andIpomoea Purpureain Poland|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=45|issue=1|year=2013|pages=79–93|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref> [[form constants]],<ref name="Tyler1978">{{cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Christopher W.|title=Some new entoptic phenomena|journal=Vision Research|volume=18|issue=12|year=1978|pages=1633–1639|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9}}</ref><ref name="YoungCole1975">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Rockefeller S.L.|last2=Cole|first2=Robert E.|last3=Gamble|first3=Michael|last4=Rayner|first4=Martin D.|title=Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker|journal=Vision Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1975|pages=1291–1293|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7}}</ref> shapes,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> and colors.

man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref> [[form constants]],<ref name="Tyler1978">{{cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Christopher W.|title=Some new entoptic phenomena|journal=Vision Research|volume=18|issue=12|year=1978|pages=1633–1639|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9}}</ref><ref name="YoungCole1975">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Rockefeller S.L.|last2=Cole|first2=Robert E.|last3=Gamble|first3=Michael|last4=Rayner|first4=Martin D.|title=Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker|journal=Vision Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1975|pages=1291–1293|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7}}</ref> shapes,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> and colors.

These geometric forms can also become structured and organized in a manner that appears to present genuine information to the person experiencing them far beyond the perception of meaningless, although complex, shapes, and colors.

The geometric representations may feel as though they depict specific concepts and neurological processes that exist within the brain in an extremely detailed manner.

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 [[File:Switch by Sam Perkins.png|250px|thumb|right|''Switch by [https://www.flickr.com/photos/thecubb/5132746341/ Sam Perkins]'' - This image serves as an example of a single frame of typical level 4 [[psychedelic]] geometry.]]
-'''Geometry''' is defined as the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="BressloffCowan2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bressloff|first1=Paul C.|last2=Cowan|first2=Jack D.|last3=Golubitsky|first3=Martin|last4=Thomas|first4=Peter J.|last5=Wiener|first5=Matthew C.|title=What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex|journal=Neural Computation|volume=14|issue=3|year=2002|pages=473–491|issn=0899-7667|doi=10.1162/089976602317250861}}</ref><ref name="MuthukumaraswamyCarhart-Harris2013">{{cite journal|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=S. D.|last2=Carhart-Harris|first2=R. L.|last3=Moran|first3=R. J.|last4=Brookes|first4=M. J.|last5=Williams|first5=T. M.|last6=Errtizoe|first6=D.|last7=Sessa|first7=B.|last8=Papadopoulos|first8=A.|last9=Bolstridge|first9=M.|last10=Singh|first10=K. D.|last11=Feilding|first11=A.|last12=Friston|first12=K. J.|last13=Nutt|first13=D. J.|title=Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=38|year=2013|pages=15171–15183|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and
+'''Geometry''' is defined as the experience of a person's field of vision becoming partially or completely encompassed by fast-moving, colorful, and indescribably complex geometric patterns,<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BressloffCowan2002">{{cite journal|last1=Bressloff|first1=Paul C.|last2=Cowan|first2=Jack D.|last3=Golubitsky|first3=Martin|last4=Thomas|first4=Peter J.|last5=Wiener|first5=Matthew C.|title=What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex|journal=Neural Computation|volume=14|issue=3|year=2002|pages=473–491|issn=0899-7667|doi=10.1162/089976602317250861}}</ref><ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013">{{cite journal|last1=Juszczak|first1=Grzegorz R.|last2=Swiergiel|first2=Artur H.|title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds ofArgyreia Nervosa,Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,andIpomoea Purpureain Poland|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=45|issue=1|year=2013|pages=79–93|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref><ref name="MuthukumaraswamyCarhart-Harris2013">{{cite journal|last1=Muthukumaraswamy|first1=S. D.|last2=Carhart-Harris|first2=R. L.|last3=Moran|first3=R. J.|last4=Brookes|first4=M. J.|last5=Williams|first5=T. M.|last6=Errtizoe|first6=D.|last7=Sessa|first7=B.|last8=Papadopoulos|first8=A.|last9=Bolstridge|first9=M.|last10=Singh|first10=K. D.|last11=Feilding|first11=A.|last12=Friston|first12=K. J.|last13=Nutt|first13=D. J.|title=Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=38|year=2013|pages=15171–15183|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-13.2013}}</ref><ref>Siegel RK, Jarvik ME: Drug-induced hallucinations in animals and
-man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013">{{cite journal|last1=Juszczak|first1=Grzegorz R.|last2=Swiergiel|first2=Artur H.|title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds ofArgyreia Nervosa,Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea,andIpomoea Purpureain Poland|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=45|issue=1|year=2013|pages=79–93|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref> [[form constants]],<ref name="Tyler1978">{{cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Christopher W.|title=Some new entoptic phenomena|journal=Vision Research|volume=18|issue=12|year=1978|pages=1633–1639|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9}}</ref><ref name="YoungCole1975">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Rockefeller S.L.|last2=Cole|first2=Robert E.|last3=Gamble|first3=Michael|last4=Rayner|first4=Martin D.|title=Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker|journal=Vision Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1975|pages=1291–1293|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7}}</ref> shapes,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> and colors.
+man, in Siegel RK, West LJ (eds): Hallucinations. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975, pp 81-162</ref><ref>Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal, and mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref> [[form constants]],<ref name="Tyler1978">{{cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Christopher W.|title=Some new entoptic phenomena|journal=Vision Research|volume=18|issue=12|year=1978|pages=1633–1639|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(78)90255-9}}</ref><ref name="YoungCole1975">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Rockefeller S.L.|last2=Cole|first2=Robert E.|last3=Gamble|first3=Michael|last4=Rayner|first4=Martin D.|title=Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker|journal=Vision Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1975|pages=1291–1293|issn=00426989|doi=10.1016/0042-6989(75)90177-7}}</ref> shapes,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> [[fractal]]s,<ref name="JuszczakSwiergiel2013" /> and colors.
 These geometric forms can also become structured and organized in a manner that appears to present genuine information to the person experiencing them far beyond the perception of meaningless, although complex, shapes, and colors.
 The geometric representations may feel as though they depict specific concepts and neurological processes that exist within the brain in an extremely detailed manner.