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Compulsive redosing: Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>'''Compulsive redosing''' is the experience of a powerful and difficult to resist urge to continuously redose a [[psychoactive substance]] in an effort to increase or maintain the [[Subjective effects index|subjective effects]] which it induces.<ref name="EverittRobbins2005">{{cite journal|last1=Everitt|first1=Barry J|last2=Robbins|first2=Trevor W|title=Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=8|issue=11|year=2005|pages=1481–1489|issn=1097-6256|doi=10.1038/nn1579}}</ref><ref name="Volkow2000">{{cite journal|last1=Volkow|first1=N. D.|title=Addiction, a Disease of Compulsion and Drive: Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex|journal=Cerebral Cortex|volume=10|issue=3|year=2000|pages=318–325|issn=14602199|doi=10.1093/cercor/10.3.318}}</ref><ref name="HymanMalenka2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hyman|first1=Steven E.|last2=Malenka|first2=Robert C.|title=Addiction and the brain: The neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|volume=2|issue=10|year=2001|pages=695–703|issn=1471-003X|doi=10.1038/35094560}}</ref><ref name="SoussanKjellgren2015">{{cite journal|last1=Soussan|first1=Christophe|last2=Kjellgren|first2=Anette|title=“Chasing the High” – Experiences of Ethylphenidate as Described on International Internet Forums|journal=Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment|volume=9|year=2015|pages=SART.S22495|issn=1178-2218|doi=10.4137/SART.S22495}}</ref> | <onlyinclude>'''Compulsive redosing''' is defined as the experience of a powerful and difficult to resist urge to continuously redose a [[psychoactive substance]] in an effort to increase or maintain the [[Subjective effects index|subjective effects]] which it induces.<ref name="EverittRobbins2005">{{cite journal|last1=Everitt|first1=Barry J|last2=Robbins|first2=Trevor W|title=Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=8|issue=11|year=2005|pages=1481–1489|issn=1097-6256|doi=10.1038/nn1579}}</ref><ref name="Volkow2000">{{cite journal|last1=Volkow|first1=N. D.|title=Addiction, a Disease of Compulsion and Drive: Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex|journal=Cerebral Cortex|volume=10|issue=3|year=2000|pages=318–325|issn=14602199|doi=10.1093/cercor/10.3.318}}</ref><ref name="HymanMalenka2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hyman|first1=Steven E.|last2=Malenka|first2=Robert C.|title=Addiction and the brain: The neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|volume=2|issue=10|year=2001|pages=695–703|issn=1471-003X|doi=10.1038/35094560}}</ref><ref name="SoussanKjellgren2015">{{cite journal|last1=Soussan|first1=Christophe|last2=Kjellgren|first2=Anette|title=“Chasing the High” – Experiences of Ethylphenidate as Described on International Internet Forums|journal=Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment|volume=9|year=2015|pages=SART.S22495|issn=1178-2218|doi=10.4137/SART.S22495}}</ref> | ||
This effect is considerably more likely to manifest itself when the user has a large supply of the given substance within their possession. It can be partially avoided by pre-weighing dosages, not keeping the remaining material within sight, exerting self-control, and giving the compound to a trusted individual to keep until they deem it safe to return. | This effect is considerably more likely to manifest itself when the user has a large supply of the given substance within their possession. It can be partially avoided by pre-weighing dosages, not keeping the remaining material within sight, exerting self-control, and giving the compound to a trusted individual to keep until they deem it safe to return. | ||
Compulsive redosing is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[cognitive euphoria]], [[physical euphoria]], or [[anxiety suppression]] alongside of other effects which inhibit the clarity of one's decision-making processes such as [[disinhibition]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds, such as [[opioid|opioids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Volkow2000"/><ref name="SoussanKjellgren2015"/><ref name="OlivesOrozco2012">{{cite journal|last1=Olives|first1=Travis|last2=Orozco|first2=Benjamin|last3=Stellpflug|first3=Samuel|title=Bath Salts: The Ivory Wave of Trouble|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine|volume=13|issue=1|year=2012|pages=58–62|issn=1936900X|doi=10.5811/westjem.2011.6.6782}}</ref> [[GABAergic|GABAergics]],<ref name="Volkow2000"/> and [[GABAergic|entactogens]].<ref name="HymanMalenka2001"/> However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].<ref name="HymanMalenka2001"/></onlyinclude> | Compulsive redosing is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[cognitive euphoria]], [[physical euphoria]], or [[anxiety suppression]] alongside of other effects which inhibit the clarity of one's decision-making processes such as [[disinhibition]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds, such as [[opioid|opioids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Volkow2000" /><ref name="SoussanKjellgren2015" /><ref name="OlivesOrozco2012">{{cite journal|last1=Olives|first1=Travis|last2=Orozco|first2=Benjamin|last3=Stellpflug|first3=Samuel|title=Bath Salts: The Ivory Wave of Trouble|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine|volume=13|issue=1|year=2012|pages=58–62|issn=1936900X|doi=10.5811/westjem.2011.6.6782}}</ref> [[GABAergic|GABAergics]],<ref name="Volkow2000" /> and [[GABAergic|entactogens]].<ref name="HymanMalenka2001" /> However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].<ref name="HymanMalenka2001" /></onlyinclude> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Substances which may cause this effect include: | Substances which may cause this effect include: | ||