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Compulsive redosing: Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>'''Compulsive redosing''' is the experience of a powerful and difficult to resist urge to continuously redose a [[psychoactive substance]] in an effort to increase or maintain the [[Subjective effects index|subjective effects]] which it induces.<ref>Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nature neuroscience, 8(11), 1481. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1579</ref><ref name=":0">Volkow, N. D., & Fowler, J. S. (2000). Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral cortex, 10(3), 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/10.3.318</ref><ref name=":1">Hyman, S. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2001). Addiction and the brain: the neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence. Nature reviews neuroscience, 2(10), 695. https://doi.org/10.1038/35094560</ref> | <onlyinclude>'''Compulsive redosing''' is the experience of a powerful and difficult to resist urge to continuously redose a [[psychoactive substance]] in an effort to increase or maintain the [[Subjective effects index|subjective effects]] which it induces.<ref>Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nature neuroscience, 8(11), 1481. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1579</ref><ref name=":0">Volkow, N. D., & Fowler, J. S. (2000). Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral cortex, 10(3), 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/10.3.318</ref><ref name=":1">Hyman, S. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2001). Addiction and the brain: the neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence. Nature reviews neuroscience, 2(10), 695. https://doi.org/10.1038/35094560</ref><ref name=":2" /> | ||
This effect is considerably more likely to manifest itself when the user has a large supply of the given substance within their possession. It can be partially avoided by pre-weighing dosages, not keeping the remaining material within sight, exerting self-control, and giving the compound to a trusted individual to keep until they deem it safe to return. | This effect is considerably more likely to manifest itself when the user has a large supply of the given substance within their possession. It can be partially avoided by pre-weighing dosages, not keeping the remaining material within sight, exerting self-control, and giving the compound to a trusted individual to keep until they deem it safe to return. | ||
Compulsive redosing is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[cognitive euphoria]], [[physical euphoria]], or [[anxiety suppression]] alongside of other effects which inhibit the clarity of one's decision-making processes such as [[disinhibition]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds, such as [[opioid|opioids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>Soussan, C., & Kjellgren, A. (2015). “Chasing the High”–Experiences of Ethylphenidate as Described on International Internet Forums. Substance abuse: research and treatment, 9, SART-S22495. https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S22495</ref> [[GABAergic|GABAergics]],<ref name=":0" /> and [[GABAergic|entactogens]].<ref name=":1" /> However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].<ref name=":1" /></onlyinclude> | Compulsive redosing is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[cognitive euphoria]], [[physical euphoria]], or [[anxiety suppression]] alongside of other effects which inhibit the clarity of one's decision-making processes such as [[disinhibition]], [[motivation enhancement]], and [[ego inflation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds, such as [[opioid|opioids]], [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Soussan, C., & Kjellgren, A. (2015). “Chasing the High”–Experiences of Ethylphenidate as Described on International Internet Forums. Substance abuse: research and treatment, 9, SART-S22495. https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S22495</ref><ref>Olives, T. D., Orozco, B. S., & Stellpflug, S. J. (2012). Bath salts: the ivory wave of trouble. ''Western Journal of Emergency Medicine'', ''13''(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2011.6.6782</ref> [[GABAergic|GABAergics]],<ref name=":0" /> and [[GABAergic|entactogens]].<ref name=":1" /> However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of [[dissociative|dissociatives]] and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].<ref name=":1" /></onlyinclude> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Substances which may cause this effect include: | Substances which may cause this effect include: | ||