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DOC: Difference between revisions
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'''4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOC''') is a [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class:: | '''4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOC''') is a [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. | ||
DOC was first synthesized by a team at the University of Alberta in 1972.<ref>Coutts, Ronald T; Malicky, Jerry L. (1973). "The Synthesis of Some Analogs of the Hallucinogen 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM)". Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1973, 51(9): 1402-1409, 10.1139/v73-210 | http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v73-210</ref> However, its usage in humans was not popularized until the 1991 publication [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved") by [[Alexander Shulgin]].<ref name="PiHKAL">http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml</ref> Preceding this, a 1989 forensic analysis of designer amphetamine samples identified DOC in Canadian drug seizures.<ref>Brian A. Dawson & George A. Neville (1989) "Identification of Two New 'Designer' Amphetamines by NMR Techniques", Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, 22:2, 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.198</ref> | DOC was first synthesized by a team at the University of Alberta in 1972.<ref>Coutts, Ronald T; Malicky, Jerry L. (1973). "The Synthesis of Some Analogs of the Hallucinogen 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM)". Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1973, 51(9): 1402-1409, 10.1139/v73-210 | http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v73-210</ref> However, its usage in humans was not popularized until the 1991 publication [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved") by [[Alexander Shulgin]].<ref name="PiHKAL">http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml</ref> Preceding this, a 1989 forensic analysis of designer amphetamine samples identified DOC in Canadian drug seizures.<ref>Brian A. Dawson & George A. Neville (1989) "Identification of Two New 'Designer' Amphetamines by NMR Techniques", Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, 22:2, 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.198</ref> | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - DOC is usually reported to be extremely stimulating at levels which are capable of becoming uncomfortable and overwhelming (although to a lesser extent than other [[DOx]] compounds such as [[DOI]] and [[DOB]]). This can result in a shakiness and unsteadiness of the hands but encouraging one to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]] are generally sedating and relaxed. However, at high enough doses the stimulation becomes less apparent as the strong psychedelic effects take over. | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - DOC is usually reported to be extremely stimulating at levels which are capable of becoming uncomfortable and overwhelming (although to a lesser extent than other [[DOx]] compounds such as [[DOI]] and [[DOB]]). This can result in a shakiness and unsteadiness of the hands but encouraging one to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]] are generally sedating and relaxed. However, at high enough doses the stimulation becomes less apparent as the strong psychedelic effects take over. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous | *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of DOC is manifested as somewhat intense in comparison to most classical psychedelics such as [[LSD]]. The sensation itself can be described as a constantly present yet somewhat mild energetic pins and needles sensation that encompasses a person’s entire body. It is usually felt over every square inch of the skin, but occasionally manifests itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body in spontaneous waves. | ||
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that this effect is not as reliably induceable as it is with substances like stimulants or entactogens, and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort without any apparent reason. DOC and other psychedelic amphetamines tend to lean towards physical dysphoria more so than other psychedelics. | **'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that this effect is not as reliably induceable as it is with substances like stimulants or entactogens, and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort without any apparent reason. DOC and other psychedelic amphetamines tend to lean towards physical dysphoria more so than other psychedelics. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Mild to extreme nausea is reported when consumed in moderate to high dosages and either passes once the person has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in. | *'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Mild to extreme nausea is reported when consumed in moderate to high dosages and either passes once the person has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - This effect is usually only present at higher dosages, but can be particularly uncomfortable when it manifests, and may persist throughout as well as after the main duration of the experience. | *'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - This effect is usually only present at higher dosages, but can be particularly uncomfortable when it manifests, and may persist throughout as well as after the main duration of the experience. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]''' | ||
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====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ||
The visual geometry | The visual geometry encountered on DOC can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[mescaline]] than that of [[ayahuasca]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]] or [[LSD]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as intricate in complexity, abstract in form, synthetic in feel, structured in organization, brightly lit, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equally rounded and angular in its corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, this geometry is significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8B Geometry|level 8B]] visual geometry over [[8A Geometry|level 8A]]. | ||
====Hallucinatory states==== | ====Hallucinatory states==== | ||
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{{effects/transpersonal| | {{effects/transpersonal| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Spirituality enhancement]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' | ||
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The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOC use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOC use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. | ||
Anecdotal | Anecdotal reports suggest that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying DOC by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. | ||
Medical literature reports multiple physical complications associated with the use of DOC. An individual's cause of death was reported as DOC toxicity and confirmed with GC-MS in the Journal of Analytical Toxicology.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217551/</ref> Seizures have been associated with the use of DOC in another medical journal.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25553227/</ref> | Medical literature reports multiple physical complications associated with the use of DOC. An individual's cause of death was reported as DOC toxicity and confirmed with GC-MS in the Journal of Analytical Toxicology.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217551/</ref> Seizures have been associated with the use of DOC in another medical journal.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25553227/</ref> | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | |||
DOC is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating. | |||
Tolerance to the effects of DOC are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOC presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DOC all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. | |||
===Overdose=== | ===Overdose=== | ||
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In the event of an overdose, [[benzodiazepines]] can be administered to mitigate the hyperagitative effects.{{citation needed}} A powerful vasodilator may also need to be administered to prevent a hypertensive emergency, or in more serious cases, necrosis, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia.{{citation needed}} As a result, emergency medical services should always be sought in the event of a DOC overdose. | In the event of an overdose, [[benzodiazepines]] can be administered to mitigate the hyperagitative effects.{{citation needed}} A powerful vasodilator may also need to be administered to prevent a hypertensive emergency, or in more serious cases, necrosis, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia.{{citation needed}} As a result, emergency medical services should always be sought in the event of a DOC overdose. | ||
===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}} | *'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}} | ||
==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
*'''Austria:''' DOC is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | *'''Austria:''' DOC is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Brazil''' | *'''Brazil:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | ||
*'''Denmark:''' DOC is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | *'''Canada:''' DOC is Schedule I in Canada, making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess, without a valid legal exemption.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) | http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html</ref> | ||
*'''Finland:''' | *'''China:''' As of October 2015 DOC is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref> | ||
*'''Denmark:''' DOC is a Schedule I drug in Denmark.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''Finland:''' DOC is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Finland.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''Germany:''' DOC is listed in Anlage I in Germany, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess without a license.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''Israel:''' The possession, production and sale is illegal.{{citation needed}} | *'''Israel:''' The possession, production and sale is illegal.{{citation needed}} | ||
*''' | *'''Latvia:''' DOC is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref> | ||
*'''New Zealand:''' DOC is a Class C drug in New Zealand.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''United Kingdom:''' DOC is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analogue clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I</ref> | *'''United Kingdom:''' DOC is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analogue clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I</ref> | ||
*'''United States:''' DOC is technically not scheduled in the United States, but could be considered an analogue of DOM or DOB and may therefore be considered a Schedule I drug under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}} | *'''United States:''' DOC is technically not scheduled in the United States, but could be considered an analogue of DOM or DOB and may therefore be considered a Schedule I drug under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[Psychedelics]] | *[[Psychedelics]] | ||
*[[DOx]] | *[[DOx]] | ||
*[[DOB]] | |||
*[[DOI]] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||