MDPV: Difference between revisions

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MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}

Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref> MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>

Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>

Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref>

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*'''Canada:''' On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>

*'''Finland:''' MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref> Denmark]] and Sweden. In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>

*'''Germany:''' MDPV is controlled under BtMG Anlage II, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>http://archive.is/QEKft</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>

*'''United States:''' On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004, when it was reportedly first made available to the public as a [[designer drug]]. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing strategy of [[Synthetic cannabinoids|Spice and K2]] as incense.{{citation needed}}
-Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref> MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>
+Historical reports show records of the preparation of MDPV for potential use as a CNS stimulant. It was claimed to have potential to be an alternative for racemic amphetamine and, although showing some desirable qualities such as reduced toxicity as compared to amphetamine, MDPV was chosen to not be developed as a medicinal drug.<ref>MDPV Summary | http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_13_Review.pdf?ua=1</ref>
 Several incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to the use of MDPV, including an unusually large number of fatalities. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/819/TDAS14001ENN_466653.pdf</ref>
@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 *'''Canada:''' On June 5, 2012 the Canadian Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced that MDPV would be listed on Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which was passed into law on September 26, 2012.<ref>'Bath salts' drug ingredient banned in Canada | http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bath-salts-drug-ingredient-banned-in-canada-1.1174926</ref>
 *'''Finland:''' MDPV is specifically listed as a controlled substance in Finland (listed appendix IV substance as of June 28, 2010),<ref>Finlex: huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen IV muuttamisesta | http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2010/20100596</ref> Denmark]] and Sweden. In Sweden a 33-year-old man has been sentenced to six years in prison by an appellate court, Hovrätt, for possession of 250 grams of MDPV that had been acquired prior to criminalization.<ref>Hovrätten skärper straff i MDPV-dom | http://www.nt.se/nyheter/?articleid=6057819</ref>
+*'''Germany:''' MDPV is controlled under BtMG Anlage II, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>http://archive.is/QEKft</ref>
 *'''United Kingdom:''' MDPV is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (2010). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 2010/1207). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved February 9, 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made</ref>
 *'''United States:''' On October 21, 2011, MDPV became a DEA federally scheduled drug. The DEA issued a temporary one-year ban on MDPV, classifying it as a schedule I substance. On December 8, 2011, under the Synthetic Drug Control Act, the US House of Representatives voted to ban MDPV and a variety of other synthetic drugs which had been sold legally in stores.<ref>House Votes to Ban 'Spice,' 'Bath Salts' ABC News | http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/house-votes-ban-fake-marijuana-fake-cocaine/story?id=15116235</ref>