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Disinhibition: Difference between revisions
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'''Disinhibition''' is an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.<ref> | '''Disinhibition''' is an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryDisinhibition">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=820|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ZamboniHuey2008">{{cite journal|last1=Zamboni|first1=G.|last2=Huey|first2=E. D.|last3=Krueger|first3=F.|last4=Nichelli|first4=P. F.|last5=Grafman|first5=J.|title=Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates|journal=Neurology|volume=71|issue=10|year=2008|pages=736–742|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95}}</ref><ref name="KällménGustafson1998">{{cite journal|last1=Källmén|first1=Håkan|last2=Gustafson|first2=Roland|title=Alcohol and Disinhibition|journal=European Addiction Research|volume=4|issue=4|year=1998|pages=150–162|issn=1022-6877|doi=10.1159/000018948}}</ref> This is usually manifested through recklessness, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions. | ||
At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence. | At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence. | ||
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However, at its higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, or social appropriateness. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. | However, at its higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, or social appropriateness. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. | ||
Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]] in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]], such as [[alcohol]],<ref>Topper | Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]] in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]], such as [[alcohol]],<ref name="BettingerTopper2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bettinger|first1=Jill C.|last2=Topper|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Aguilar|first3=Sara C.|last4=Topper|first4=Viktoria Y.|last5=Elbel|first5=Erin|last6=Pierce-Shimomura|first6=Jonathan T.|title=Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e92965|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0092965}}</ref> [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="Paton2018">{{cite journal|last1=Paton|first1=Carol|title=Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|volume=26|issue=12|year=2018|pages=460–462|issn=0955-6036|doi=10.1192/pb.26.12.460}}</ref> [[phenibut]], and [[GHB]]. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Fillmore2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fillmore|first1=M|title=Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral control in stimulant abusers: the role of prepotent response tendencies|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=71|issue=2|year=2003|pages=143–152|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00089-9}}</ref> [[entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="AndoBenko2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ando|first1=Romeo D.|last2=Benko|first2=Anita|last3=Ferrington|first3=Linda|last4=Kirilly|first4=Eszter|last5=Kelly|first5=Paul A.T.|last6=Bagdy|first6=Gyorgy|title=Partial lesion of the serotonergic system by a single dose of MDMA results in behavioural disinhibition and enhances acute MDMA-induced social behaviour on the social interaction test|journal=Neuropharmacology|volume=50|issue=7|year=2006|pages=884–896|issn=00283908|doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.010}}</ref> and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]<ref name="LissekGüntürkün2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lissek|first1=Silke|last2=Güntürkün|first2=Onur|title=Dissociation of Extinction and Behavioral Disinhibition: The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Pigeon Associative Forebrain during Extinction|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=23|issue=22|year=2003|pages=8119–8124|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08119.2003}}</ref>. | ||
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===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||