Autonomous entity: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Namaste (Trifoliata Mystica) by Luke Brown.jpg|250px|thumbnail|''Namaste (Trifoliata Mystica)'' by [http://www.spectraleyes.com/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=6144 Luke Brown] - This artwork serves as an accurate example of a generic [[Geometry|geometry]]-based autonomous entity seen during a [[psychedelic]] experience.]]

'''Autonomous entities''' can be described as the experience of perceived contact with beings which appear to be sentient and autonomous in their behaviour.<ref name="Ayahuasca">de Araujo, D. B., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez, T. A., Pinto, J. P., ... & Santos, A. C. (2012). Seeing with the eyes shut: neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Human brain mapping, 33(11), 2551. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21381</ref><ref name="Luke2012">Luke, D. (2012). Psychoactive substances and paranormal phenomena: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31(1), 12. https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=ijts-transpersonalstudies</ref><ref>Strassman, R. [J.] (2001). DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor’s revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1448</ref><ref name="Luke2011">Luke, D. (2011b). Discarnate entities and dimethyltryptamine (DMT): Psychopharmacology, phenomenology and ontology. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 75, 26-42. http://www.ftp.lycaeum.org/w/images/e/ed/2011_-_JSPR_-_Discarnate-Entities_copy-libre.pdf</ref><ref name="Beyer2009">Beyer, S. V. (2009) Singing to the Plants: A Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1129&context=ijts-transpersonalstudies</ref><ref name="Meyer1994">Meyer, P. (1994) Apparent communication with discarnate entities induced by dimethyltryptamine (DMT). In Lyttle, T. Psychedelics, 161-203. New York: Barricade Books. https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_writings2.shtml</ref><ref name="Shannon2002">Shanon, B. (2002) The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomena of the Ayahuasca Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ydszAUzdyF0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=The+Antipodes+of+the+Mind:+Charting+the+Phenomena+of+the+Ayahuasca+Experience&ots=J-GZw595ja&sig=zMuzlNx8HRen4tqs1gGl9Dd9-Ic</ref><ref name="Cott2008">Cott, C. and Rock, A. (2008) Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic

analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration 22, 359-370. Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration</ref><ref name="Metzner1998">Metzner, R. (1998). Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1998.10399709</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref><ref name="Obreshkova2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Shanon2002">Shanon B (2002): Ayahuasca visualizations-A structural typology. J Conscious Stud 9:3–30.

analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration 22, 359-370. Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adam_Rock/publication/228640553_Phenomenology_of_N_N-Dimethyltryptamine_use_a_thematic_analysis/links/0f317535e04d44d76f000000.pdf</ref><ref name="Metzner1998">Metzner, R. (1998). Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1998.10399709</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref><ref name="Obreshkova2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Shanon2002">Shanon B (2002): Ayahuasca visualizations-A structural typology. J Conscious Stud 9:3–30.

http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-12405-001</ref><ref name="Strassman2001">Strassman, R. (2001) DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences. Rochesta, VT: Park Street Press.</ref> These entities can manifest within both [[External hallucinations|external]] and [[Internal hallucinations|internal hallucinations]].<ref name="Ayahuasca"/><ref name="Shanon2002"/>

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 [[File:Namaste (Trifoliata Mystica) by Luke Brown.jpg|250px|thumbnail|''Namaste (Trifoliata Mystica)'' by [http://www.spectraleyes.com/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=6144 Luke Brown] - This artwork serves as an accurate example of a generic [[Geometry|geometry]]-based autonomous entity seen during a [[psychedelic]] experience.]]
 '''Autonomous entities''' can be described as the experience of perceived contact with beings which appear to be sentient and autonomous in their behaviour.<ref name="Ayahuasca">de Araujo, D. B., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez, T. A., Pinto, J. P., ... & Santos, A. C. (2012). Seeing with the eyes shut: neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Human brain mapping, 33(11), 2551. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21381</ref><ref name="Luke2012">Luke, D. (2012). Psychoactive substances and paranormal phenomena: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31(1), 12. https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=ijts-transpersonalstudies</ref><ref>Strassman, R. [J.] (2001). DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor’s revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1448</ref><ref name="Luke2011">Luke, D. (2011b). Discarnate entities and dimethyltryptamine (DMT): Psychopharmacology, phenomenology and ontology. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 75, 26-42. http://www.ftp.lycaeum.org/w/images/e/ed/2011_-_JSPR_-_Discarnate-Entities_copy-libre.pdf</ref><ref name="Beyer2009">Beyer, S. V. (2009) Singing to the Plants: A Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1129&context=ijts-transpersonalstudies</ref><ref name="Meyer1994">Meyer, P. (1994) Apparent communication with discarnate entities induced by dimethyltryptamine (DMT). In Lyttle, T. Psychedelics, 161-203. New York: Barricade Books. https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_writings2.shtml</ref><ref name="Shannon2002">Shanon, B. (2002) The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomena of the Ayahuasca Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ydszAUzdyF0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=The+Antipodes+of+the+Mind:+Charting+the+Phenomena+of+the+Ayahuasca+Experience&ots=J-GZw595ja&sig=zMuzlNx8HRen4tqs1gGl9Dd9-Ic</ref><ref name="Cott2008">Cott, C. and Rock, A. (2008) Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic
-analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration 22, 359-370. Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration</ref><ref name="Metzner1998">Metzner, R. (1998). Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1998.10399709</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref><ref name="Obreshkova2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Shanon2002">Shanon B (2002): Ayahuasca visualizations-A structural typology. J Conscious Stud 9:3–30.
+analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration 22, 359-370. Phenomenology of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine use: a thematic analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration.
+ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adam_Rock/publication/228640553_Phenomenology_of_N_N-Dimethyltryptamine_use_a_thematic_analysis/links/0f317535e04d44d76f000000.pdf</ref><ref name="Metzner1998">Metzner, R. (1998). Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1998.10399709</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref><ref name="Obreshkova2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 32-47. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Shanon2002">Shanon B (2002): Ayahuasca visualizations-A structural typology. J Conscious Stud 9:3–30.
   http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-12405-001</ref><ref name="Strassman2001">Strassman, R. (2001) DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences. Rochesta, VT: Park Street Press.</ref> These entities can manifest within both [[External hallucinations|external]] and [[Internal hallucinations|internal hallucinations]].<ref name="Ayahuasca"/><ref name="Shanon2002"/>