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5-APB: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/5-APB}} | {{SubstanceBox/5-APB}} | ||
'''5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (commonly known as '''5-APB''') is a novel | '''5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (commonly known as '''5-APB''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::entactogen]] of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class that produces [[MDA]]-like [[entactogenic]] and [[stimulant|stimulating]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[5-MAPB]], [[6-APB]], and [[MDA]]. | ||
Compared to other members of its family such as [[6-APB]] and [[5-MAPB]], this compound in particular is known for its [[stimulating]] and [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects which has resulted in its rise in popularity as a product which is easily accessible through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors. It has been commercially distributed as a [[designer drug]] alternative to [[MDMA]] since 2010.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2010</ref> | Compared to other members of its family such as [[6-APB]] and [[5-MAPB]], this compound in particular is known for its [[stimulating]] and [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects which has resulted in its rise in popularity as a product which is easily accessible through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors. It has been commercially distributed as a [[designer drug]] alternative to [[MDMA]] since 2010.<ref>EMCDDA–Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2010</ref> | ||
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 5-APB in humans, and it has only a brief history of human usage. Due to its potent entactogenic and stimulant effects, and dependence and addiction-producing potential if misused, it is highly advised that one take proper precautions, conduct [https://www.google.com independent research], and use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use with this substance. | Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 5-APB in humans, and it has only a brief history of human usage. Due to its potent entactogenic and stimulant effects, and dependence and addiction-producing potential if misused, it is highly advised that one take proper precautions, conduct [https://www.google.com independent research], and use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use with this substance. | ||
==History and culture== | |||
{{historyStub}} | |||
The synthesis of 5-APB was first reported by a team led by the medicinal chemist and psychedelic researcher [[David E. Nichols]] at Purdue University. They were examining the role of the MDA dioxle ring structure in interacting with serotonergic neurons. It was also partly an effort to find an alternative to [[MDMA]], which was gaining recognition as a potentially useful adjunct in psychotherapy, but was also being linked to neurotoxic effects.<ref name="Nichols" /> | |||
Human usage was not documented until 2010, when it emerged for sale on the [[research chemical]] market. It was particularly prominent in the UK "legal highs" market, where it was sold under the name "Benzofury".{{citation needed}} | |||
On June 10, 2013 5-APB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation.<ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> On November 28, 2013 the ACMD recommended that 5-APB and related benzofurans should become Class B, Schedule 1 substances. On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref>UK Home Office (28 April 2014). "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014". The National Archives.</ref> | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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{{effectStub}} | {{effectStub}} | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | |||
|{{effects/physical| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]''' | ||
}} | |||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
}} | |||
{{effects/aftereffects| | |||
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include: | The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
}} | |||
}} | |||
===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include: | Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include: | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}} | {{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}} | ||
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5-APB use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 5-APB has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 5-APB within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5-APB use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 5-APB has very little history of human usage. | ||
Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 5-APB within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | |||
5-APB's high affinity for the 5-HT2b receptor makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long-term use, as seen in other 5-HT2B agonists such as [[fenfluramine]] and [[MDMA]]. | 5-APB's high affinity for the 5-HT2b receptor makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long-term use, as seen in other 5-HT2B agonists such as [[fenfluramine]] and [[MDMA]]. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 5-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 5-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. | ||
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{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}} | {{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}} | ||
== | ==Legal status== | ||
{{legalStub}} | {{legalStub}} | ||
*'''Brazil''' | *'''Brazil:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom:''' 5-APB is a Class B drug. | *'''United Kingdom:''' 5-APB is a Class B drug. | ||
*'''United States:''' 5-APB could be considered an analogue of [[MDA]] and therefore would be covered under the Federal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption. | *'''United States:''' 5-APB could be considered an analogue of [[MDA]] and therefore would be covered under the Federal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption. | ||
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*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Designer drug]] | *[[Designer drug]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Entactogen]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Stimulant]] | ||
*[[5-MAPB]] | *[[5-MAPB]] | ||
*[[6-APB]] | *[[6-APB]] | ||
*[[MDA]] | *[[MDA]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-APB 5-APB (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-APB 5-APB (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2359 5-APB (Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2359 5-APB (Isomer Design)] | ||
===Community=== | |||
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/548570-The-Big-amp-Dandy-5-APB-Thread The Big and Dandy 5-APB Thread (Bluelight)] | *[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/548570-The-Big-amp-Dandy-5-APB-Thread The Big and Dandy 5-APB Thread (Bluelight)] | ||
==Literature== | |||
* Greene, S. L. (2013). Benzofurans and benzodifurans. In Novel Psychoactive Substances (pp. 383-392). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415816-0.00016-X | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||