2-FMA: Difference between revisions

'''2-Fluoromethamphetamine''' ('''2-FMA''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::amphetamine]] class that produces classical stimulant effects such as [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement|enhanced focus]] and [[euphoria]] when [[route of administration|administered]]. It is commonly compared to [[lisdexamfetamine]] ('''Vyvanse''') in its duration, potency and efficacy as a study or productivity aid.

2-FMA is one member in a series of modern [[designer drug|designer fluorinated amphetamine analogs]] that includes synthetic compounds like [[2-FA]], [[3-FA]], [[3-FEA]] and [[4-FA]] which are known for their range of central nervous system [[stimulant|stimulation]] and [[euphoria]]-producing effects, some of which have been gaining popularity as [[research chemical]] substitutes for traditional street [[stimulants]].{{citation needed}}

A substantial increase in negative effects like [[increased blood pressure|high blood pressure]] and [[increased heart rate]] is often reported for dosages above the heavy dosage range.

2-FMA is commonly taken either orally or via insufflation as it has been reported to be highly unpleasant to vaporize. Despite its popularity as a research chemical study aid, little is known about any toxicity that may accompany its long-term use as a substitute for prescription stimulants.

 

2-FMA has yet to be documented being sold on the streets and is instead typically sold by online vendors as a grey market [[research chemical]].<ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues ([[designer drug]]s). (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref><ref>Chemical analysis of four capsules containing the controlled substance analogues 4-methylmethcathinone, 2-fluoromethamphetamine, alpha-phthalimidopropiophenone and N-ethylcathinone (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20074881</ref>

Although 2-FMA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is safe to assume that just like other [[substituted amphetamines]], it most likely acts as both a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[releasing agent]]. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove them from the [[synaptic cleft]]. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 2-FMA is reported to be relatively free of side effects such as [[nausea]], [[high blood pressure]], [[anxiety]] and an uncomfortable [[offset]] ("comedown"). It is considered to be a functional psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks in a manner that is similar to [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]] or [[lisdexamfetamine]] (Vyvanse). However, at higher doses, it typically loses its productivity and attention-enhancing effects and begins to take on a recreational character due to the distracting euphoria that can result.  

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-FMA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2-FMA has a very limited history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-FMA within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).  

The use of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/emerging-trends</ref><ref name="amppsychosis">Shoptaw, S. J., Kao, U., & Ling, W. (2009). Treatment for amphetamine psychosis. The Cochrane Library.</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="amppsychosis" /><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="amppsychosis" />

==Legality==

2-FMA is currently a gray area compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal gray area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.

*'''China''' - As of October 2015 2-FMA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>

*[[Stimulants]]