Motivation enhancement: Difference between revisions

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'''Motivation enhancement''' ~~can be described~~ as ~~the experience of~~ an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner. ~~It can be best characterized~~ by ~~feelings~~ of ~~an intense desire to perform~~ tasks ~~even if they~~ would ~~usually~~ be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit ~~one's self~~ to.

'''Motivation enhancement''' is defined as an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner.<ref name="Kjærsgaard2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kjærsgaard|first1=Torben|title=Enhancing Motivation by Use of Prescription Stimulants: The Ethics of Motivation Enhancement|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=4–10|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.990543}}</ref><ref name="IlievaFarah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Ilieva|first1=Irena P.|last2=Farah|first2=Martha J.|title=Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages|journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience|volume=7|year=2013|issn=1662-453X|doi=10.3389/fnins.2013.00198}}</ref><ref name="Nyholm2015">{{cite journal|last1=Nyholm|first1=Sven|title=Motivation-Enhancements and Domain-Specific Values|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=37–39|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.995313}}</ref> This includes tasks and goals that would normally be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit oneself to.

~~This effect will~~ often ~~synergize with~~ other coinciding effects such as [[~~focus enhancement~~]], [[thought acceleration]]~~, and [[stimulation]]~~. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[stimulant]] or [[nootropic]] compounds such as [[amphetamine]], [[~~caffeine~~]], [[~~ritalin~~]], and [[modafinil]]. However, it may also occur ~~more inconsistently with many other classes psychoactive substance such as~~ certain [[~~hallucinogen~~|~~hallucinogens~~]], [[~~opioid~~|~~opioids~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~GABAergic~~|~~GABAergics~~]].

A number of factors (which often, but not always, co-occur) reflect or contribute to task motivation: namely, wanting to complete a task, enjoying it or being interested in it.<ref name="Nyholm2015" /> Motivation may also be supported by closely related factors, such as positive mood, alertness, energy, and the absence of anxiety. Although motivation is a state, there are trait-like differences in the motivational states that people typically bring to tasks, just as there are differences in cognitive ability.<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" />

</onlyinclude>

Motivation enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[stimulation]] and [[thought acceleration]] in a manner which further increases one's productivity. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] and [[nootropic]] compounds, such as [[amphetamine]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /><ref name="Terbeck2013">{{cite journal|last1=Terbeck|first1=Sylvia|title=Why Students Bother Taking Adderall: Measurement Validity of Self-Reports|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=4|issue=1|year=2013|pages=21–22|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2012.762064}}</ref> [[methylphenidate]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /> [[nicotine]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sagara|first1=H.|last2=Kitamura|first2=Y.|last3=Esumi|first3=S.|last4=Sendo|first4=T.|last5=Araki|first5=H.|last6=Gotima|first6=Y.|title=Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self-stimulation behavior.|journal=Acta Med Okayama|volume=62|issue=4|year=2008|pages=227-233|issn=0386-300X|doi=10.18926/amo/30940}}</ref> and [[modafinil]].<ref name="YoungGeyer2010">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Jared W.|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A.|title=Action of Modafinil—Increased Motivation Via the Dopamine Transporter Inhibition and D1 Receptors?|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=67|issue=8|year=2010|pages=784–787|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.015}}</ref> However, it may also occur to a much lesser extent under the influence of certain [[opioid|opioids]],<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ting-A-Kee|first1=R.|last2=van der Kooy|first2=D.|title=The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=2|issue=10|year=2012|pages=a012096–a012096|issn=2157-1422|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a012096}}</ref><ref name="Riters2010">{{cite journal|last1=Riters|first1=Lauren V.|title=Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing|journal=Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy|volume=39|issue=2|year=2010|pages=141–150|issn=08910618|doi=10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.008}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]].<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012" /></onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

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*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Enhancement]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation Motivation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience Motivational salience (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation Hedonic motivation (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Cognitive]]

[[Category:Enhancement]]

[[Category:Effect]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-'''Motivation enhancement''' can be described as the experience of an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner. It can be best characterized by feelings of an intense desire to perform tasks even if they would usually be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit one's self to.
+'''Motivation enhancement''' is defined as an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner.<ref name="Kjærsgaard2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kjærsgaard|first1=Torben|title=Enhancing Motivation by Use of Prescription Stimulants: The Ethics of Motivation Enhancement|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=4–10|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.990543}}</ref><ref name="IlievaFarah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Ilieva|first1=Irena P.|last2=Farah|first2=Martha J.|title=Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages|journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience|volume=7|year=2013|issn=1662-453X|doi=10.3389/fnins.2013.00198}}</ref><ref name="Nyholm2015">{{cite journal|last1=Nyholm|first1=Sven|title=Motivation-Enhancements and Domain-Specific Values|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=37–39|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.995313}}</ref> This includes tasks and goals that would normally be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit oneself to.
-This effect will often synergize with other coinciding effects such as [[focus enhancement]], [[thought acceleration]], and [[stimulation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[stimulant]] or [[nootropic]] compounds such as [[amphetamine]], [[caffeine]], [[ritalin]], and [[modafinil]]. However, it may also occur more inconsistently with many other classes psychoactive substance such as certain [[hallucinogen|hallucinogens]], [[opioid|opioids]] and [[GABAergic|GABAergics]].
+A number of factors (which often, but not always, co-occur) reflect or contribute to task motivation: namely, wanting to complete a task, enjoying it or being interested in it.<ref name="Nyholm2015" /> Motivation may also be supported by closely related factors, such as positive mood, alertness, energy, and the absence of anxiety. Although motivation is a state, there are trait-like differences in the motivational states that people typically bring to tasks, just as there are differences in cognitive ability.<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" />
-</onlyinclude>
+Motivation enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[stimulation]] and [[thought acceleration]] in a manner which further increases one's productivity. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] and [[nootropic]] compounds, such as [[amphetamine]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /><ref name="Terbeck2013">{{cite journal|last1=Terbeck|first1=Sylvia|title=Why Students Bother Taking Adderall: Measurement Validity of Self-Reports|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=4|issue=1|year=2013|pages=21–22|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2012.762064}}</ref> [[methylphenidate]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /> [[nicotine]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sagara|first1=H.|last2=Kitamura|first2=Y.|last3=Esumi|first3=S.|last4=Sendo|first4=T.|last5=Araki|first5=H.|last6=Gotima|first6=Y.|title=Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self-stimulation behavior.|journal=Acta Med Okayama|volume=62|issue=4|year=2008|pages=227-233|issn=0386-300X|doi=10.18926/amo/30940}}</ref> and [[modafinil]].<ref name="YoungGeyer2010">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Jared W.|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A.|title=Action of Modafinil—Increased Motivation Via the Dopamine Transporter Inhibition and D1 Receptors?|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=67|issue=8|year=2010|pages=784–787|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.015}}</ref> However, it may also occur to a much lesser extent under the influence of certain [[opioid|opioids]],<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ting-A-Kee|first1=R.|last2=van der Kooy|first2=D.|title=The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=2|issue=10|year=2012|pages=a012096–a012096|issn=2157-1422|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a012096}}</ref><ref name="Riters2010">{{cite journal|last1=Riters|first1=Lauren V.|title=Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing|journal=Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy|volume=39|issue=2|year=2010|pages=141–150|issn=08910618|doi=10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.008}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]].<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012" /></onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
 {{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
 *[[Responsible use]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 19: @@
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Enhancement]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation Motivation (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience Motivational salience (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation Hedonic motivation (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Cognitive]]
+[[Category:Enhancement]]
+[[Category:Effect]]