Motivation enhancement: Difference between revisions

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[[~~category~~:Cognitive ~~effects~~]]

'''Motivation enhancement''' is defined as an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner.<ref name="Kjærsgaard2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kjærsgaard|first1=Torben|title=Enhancing Motivation by Use of Prescription Stimulants: The Ethics of Motivation Enhancement|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=4–10|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.990543}}</ref><ref name="IlievaFarah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Ilieva|first1=Irena P.|last2=Farah|first2=Martha J.|title=Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages|journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience|volume=7|year=2013|issn=1662-453X|doi=10.3389/fnins.2013.00198}}</ref><ref name="Nyholm2015">{{cite journal|last1=Nyholm|first1=Sven|title=Motivation-Enhancements and Domain-Specific Values|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=37–39|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.995313}}</ref> This includes tasks and goals that would normally be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit oneself to.

A number of factors (which often, but not always, co-occur) reflect or contribute to task motivation: namely, wanting to complete a task, enjoying it or being interested in it.<ref name="Nyholm2015" /> Motivation may also be supported by closely related factors, such as positive mood, alertness, energy, and the absence of anxiety. Although motivation is a state, there are trait-like differences in the motivational states that people typically bring to tasks, just as there are differences in cognitive ability.<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" />

Motivation enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[stimulation]] and [[thought acceleration]] in a manner which further increases one's productivity. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] and [[nootropic]] compounds, such as [[amphetamine]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /><ref name="Terbeck2013">{{cite journal|last1=Terbeck|first1=Sylvia|title=Why Students Bother Taking Adderall: Measurement Validity of Self-Reports|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=4|issue=1|year=2013|pages=21–22|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2012.762064}}</ref> [[methylphenidate]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /> [[nicotine]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sagara|first1=H.|last2=Kitamura|first2=Y.|last3=Esumi|first3=S.|last4=Sendo|first4=T.|last5=Araki|first5=H.|last6=Gotima|first6=Y.|title=Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self-stimulation behavior.|journal=Acta Med Okayama|volume=62|issue=4|year=2008|pages=227-233|issn=0386-300X|doi=10.18926/amo/30940}}</ref> and [[modafinil]].<ref name="YoungGeyer2010">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Jared W.|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A.|title=Action of Modafinil—Increased Motivation Via the Dopamine Transporter Inhibition and D1 Receptors?|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=67|issue=8|year=2010|pages=784–787|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.015}}</ref> However, it may also occur to a much lesser extent under the influence of certain [[opioid|opioids]],<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ting-A-Kee|first1=R.|last2=van der Kooy|first2=D.|title=The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=2|issue=10|year=2012|pages=a012096–a012096|issn=2157-1422|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a012096}}</ref><ref name="Riters2010">{{cite journal|last1=Riters|first1=Lauren V.|title=Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing|journal=Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy|volume=39|issue=2|year=2010|pages=141–150|issn=08910618|doi=10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.008}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]].<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012" /></onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Subjective effects index]]

*[[Motivation suppression]]

*[[Stimulants#Subjective effects|Stimulants - Subjective effects]]

*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation Motivation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience Motivational salience (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation Hedonic motivation (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Cognitive]]

[[Category:Enhancement]]

[[Category:Effect]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[category:Cognitive effects]]
+<onlyinclude>
+'''Motivation enhancement''' is defined as an increased desire to perform tasks and accomplish goals in a productive manner.<ref name="Kjærsgaard2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kjærsgaard|first1=Torben|title=Enhancing Motivation by Use of Prescription Stimulants: The Ethics of Motivation Enhancement|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=4–10|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.990543}}</ref><ref name="IlievaFarah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Ilieva|first1=Irena P.|last2=Farah|first2=Martha J.|title=Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages|journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience|volume=7|year=2013|issn=1662-453X|doi=10.3389/fnins.2013.00198}}</ref><ref name="Nyholm2015">{{cite journal|last1=Nyholm|first1=Sven|title=Motivation-Enhancements and Domain-Specific Values|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=1|year=2015|pages=37–39|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2014.995313}}</ref> This includes tasks and goals that would normally be considered too monotonous or overwhelming to fully commit oneself to.
+A number of factors (which often, but not always, co-occur) reflect or contribute to task motivation: namely, wanting to complete a task, enjoying it or being interested in it.<ref name="Nyholm2015" /> Motivation may also be supported by closely related factors, such as positive mood, alertness, energy, and the absence of anxiety. Although motivation is a state, there are trait-like differences in the motivational states that people typically bring to tasks, just as there are differences in cognitive ability.<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" />
+Motivation enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[stimulation]] and [[thought acceleration]] in a manner which further increases one's productivity. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant]] and [[nootropic]] compounds, such as [[amphetamine]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /><ref name="Terbeck2013">{{cite journal|last1=Terbeck|first1=Sylvia|title=Why Students Bother Taking Adderall: Measurement Validity of Self-Reports|journal=AJOB Neuroscience|volume=4|issue=1|year=2013|pages=21–22|issn=2150-7740|doi=10.1080/21507740.2012.762064}}</ref> [[methylphenidate]],<ref name="IlievaFarah2013" /> [[nicotine]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sagara|first1=H.|last2=Kitamura|first2=Y.|last3=Esumi|first3=S.|last4=Sendo|first4=T.|last5=Araki|first5=H.|last6=Gotima|first6=Y.|title=Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self-stimulation behavior.|journal=Acta Med Okayama|volume=62|issue=4|year=2008|pages=227-233|issn=0386-300X|doi=10.18926/amo/30940}}</ref> and [[modafinil]].<ref name="YoungGeyer2010">{{cite journal|last1=Young|first1=Jared W.|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A.|title=Action of Modafinil—Increased Motivation Via the Dopamine Transporter Inhibition and D1 Receptors?|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=67|issue=8|year=2010|pages=784–787|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.015}}</ref> However, it may also occur to a much lesser extent under the influence of certain [[opioid|opioids]],<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ting-A-Kee|first1=R.|last2=van der Kooy|first2=D.|title=The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=2|issue=10|year=2012|pages=a012096–a012096|issn=2157-1422|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a012096}}</ref><ref name="Riters2010">{{cite journal|last1=Riters|first1=Lauren V.|title=Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing|journal=Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy|volume=39|issue=2|year=2010|pages=141–150|issn=08910618|doi=10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.008}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]].<ref name="Ting-A-Keevan der Kooy2012" /></onlyinclude>
+===Psychoactive substances===
+Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===See also===
+*[[Responsible use]]
+*[[Subjective effects index]]
+*[[Motivation suppression]]
+*[[Stimulants#Subjective effects|Stimulants - Subjective effects]]
+*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
+*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
+*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
+===External links===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation Motivation (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience Motivational salience (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation Hedonic motivation (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Cognitive]]
+[[Category:Enhancement]]
+[[Category:Effect]]