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'''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel synthetic ring-substituted fluorinated [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a combination of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamine]]s that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T., & Ro, P. (2005). Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs), 148, 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003</ref>


Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Early reports have so far characterized 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]] that produces a unique balance of [[entactogenic]] and [[stimulant]] effects that skews more to the hedonic-euphoric side (like one of its popular predecessors [[4-FA]]), than towards the "functional" or "attention enhancing" (e.g. as [[amphetamine]], [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]] are considered to be).
'''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel ring-substituted [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamines]] that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rösner, P.)), ((Quednow, B.)), ((Girreser, U.)), ((Junge, T.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs) | volume=148 | issue=2–3 | pages=143–156 | date= March 2005 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0379073804003251 | issn=03790738 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003}}</ref>
 
3-FEA has an extremely short history of human [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets. It has recently been made available for sale on the gray market as a [[research chemical]] through online vendors.{{citation needed}}
Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Anecdotal reports have characterised 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] that produces a mixture of [[entactogenic]] and mild [[stimulation|stimulating]] effects.{{citation needed}}  


Due to its potent psychostimulant effects, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile both in the short and the long term, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to experiment with this substance.
3-FEA has an extremely short history of human [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has not been documented being sold on the streets. It has recently been made available for sale on the grey market as a [[research chemical]] by online vendors.{{citation needed}} Due to its potent psychostimulant effects, likely habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:samphetamine.png|thumb|right|245px|thumb|right|243px||Generic structure of an amphetamine molecule]]
[[File:samphetamine.png|thumb|right|240px|Generic structure of an amphetamine molecule]]


3-Fluoroethamphetamine, or 3-FEA, is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine chemical class. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core comprised of a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain substituted with a methyl group at Rα (i.e. amphetamines are '''a'''lpha-'''m'''ethylated '''phe'''ne'''t'''hyl'''amines''').  
3-FEA, or 3-fluoroethamphetamine, is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine chemical class. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core comprised of a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain substituted with a methyl group at Rα (i.e. amphetamines are '''a'''lpha-'''m'''ethylated '''phe'''ne'''t'''hyl'''amines''').  


3-FEA is the 3-position fluorinated analog of ethylamphetamine (also known as ethamphetamine). It is also an analog of fenfluramine (which was withdrawn from the market after links between long term use and serotonin-2b receptor-induced heart valve damage was discovered) with the 3-trifluoromethyl group replaced with a 3-fluoro substituent.{{citation needed}}
3-FEA is the 3-position fluorinated analog of ethylamphetamine (also known as ethamphetamine). It is also an analog of fenfluramine with the 3-trifluoromethyl group replaced with a 3-fluoro substituent.{{citation needed}}


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[releaser]] of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].{{citation needed}}.
Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] and/or [[releaser]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].<ref name="tessel">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Tessel, R. E.)), ((Rutledge, C. O.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives | volume=197 | issue=2 | pages=253–262 | date= May 1976 | issn=0022-3565}}</ref><ref name="tessel2">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Tessel, R. E.)), ((Woods, J. H.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships | volume=205 | issue=2 | pages=274–281 | date= May 1978 | issn=0022-3565}}</ref>


Notably, it has been demonstrated that "compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser"<ref>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Structural relationship between meta-substituted N-ethylamphetamines and self-administration in rhesus monkeys. ''Pharmacologist'' 1974;16:142.</ref><ref>Tessel RE, Rutledge CO. Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1976;15:142.</ref><ref>Tessel RE, Woods JH. Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships. ''The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'' 1978; 2: 274–81.</ref>
It has been demonstrated that compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of [[dopamine]], but a stronger releaser of both [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]], producing the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser.<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" />  


This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This allows these molecules to accumulate within core regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], motivational and physically and cognitively [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogen]]ic [[substituted amphetamines]] like [[MDMA]] or other fluorinated amphetamines like [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}
This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain by acting as a releasing agent of said neurotransmitters and/or by binding to and partially [[Reuptake inhibitor|blocking the transporter proteins]] that normally clear those molecules from the [[synaptic cleft]] after they have fulfilled their function of conducting a neural impulse. This transporter blockade allows these molecules to accumulate within core synaptic regions of the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in a combination of [[Muscle relaxation|relaxing]], [[stimulating]], [[disinhibition|disinhibiting]] and [[euphoria|euphoric]] effects associated with [[entactogenic]] [[substituted amphetamines]] such as [[MDMA]] or [[4-FA]].{{citation needed}}


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{EffectStub}}
Unlike its close analog [[3-FA]], which has been reported as being relatively functional and non-recreational, 3-FEA appears to produce effects more similar to another analog [[4-FA]], which produces marked [[entactogenic]] effects. 3-FEA has also been reported to produce less [[stimulation|stimulation]] compared to [[4-FA]] to the degree that some users report it as being primarily [[sedating]]. This effect profile likely makes 3-FEA a poor candidate for functional use and better suited for recreational use in a manner similar to [[MDMA]].
Unlike its analogs [[2-FA]] and [[2-FMA]], both of which have been recognized for being very functional and moderated stimulants with dose-ceilings that made it harder to abuse, it is likely 3-FEA has more abuse potential due to its similarities to the euphoric [[entactogen]]ic stimulant [[4-FA]]. It is likely a poor candidate for functional use and is likely to be better suited for occasional recreational outings, sparingly and cautiously.


{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 
{{effects/base
===Physical effects===
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of 3-FEA can be described as a moderate to extreme euphoric tingling sensation that can encompass the entire body. It is capable of becoming extremely and hedonic pleasurable at higher dosages. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - 3-FEA has been reported to produce a paradoxical combination of [[sedating]] and [[stimulating|stimulatory]] effects, with the sedating aspects believed to be attributable to the significant amount of [[serotonin]] it releases. The [[stimulating|stimulatory]] effects are typically more prominent at dosages in and above the strong dosage range and tend to become prominent after the peak effects of a dose have subsided.
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]''' - Depending on whether one is feeling more stimulated than sedated, one will often feel as if they are lighter (as in this case) or heavier in the other.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - This component primarily tends to happen at higher doses only and is rarely observed lower to medium doses.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - Early reports have described the "body high" of 3-FEA as a moderate to strong euphoric tingling sensation that can encompass the entire body that is capable of becoming extremely pleasurable at higher dosages. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - 3-FEA has been reported to produce a paradoxical combination of [[stimulating]] and [[sedating]] effects, with the sedative aspects believed to be attributable to the significant amount of serotonin it releases.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - This component primarily tends to occur with higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Higher doses of 3-FEA result in an overall difficulty when it comes to urination, an effect that is usually temporary and thought to be harmless.
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]] as well as [[2-FMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - 3-FEA can result in difficulty with urination, an effect that is usually temporary and that tends to become more likely and more significant with higher dosages.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' - This effect can reportedly continue long after the duration of the main effects of the substance have subsided.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' - This effect is often very significant at even lower common dosages and the significance at common dosages has been described as being in line with that of a standard dosage of [[MDMA]]. This effect can also reportedly continue long after the duration of the main effects of the substance have subsided.{{citation needed}} The significance of this effect is thought to be attributable to the significant amount of [[serotonin]] that 3-FEA releases.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - Teeth grinding often occurs with higher or multiple doses and can be comparable in extent as MDMA.
*'''[[Effect::Diarrhea]]''' - 3-FEA has been reported to produce a laxative effect in some users.{{citation needed}}
}}


===Cognitive effects===
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' or '''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - 3-FEA typically produces anxiety suppressing effects characteristic of serotonin-releasing [[entactogens]]; however, anxiety may also occur nearer the end of the substance's effect duration when higher dosages have been used.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]''' - 3-FEA produces a similar degree of disinhibition as [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This effect is reportedly very significant, with dosages in the common range and above often reportedly having this effect occur at a significance in line with that of a common dosage of MDMA.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' or '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' - 3-FEA can often case thought acceleration during the come-up and first half of the peak of the substance's effect duration, but then may also cause minor to significant thought deceleration from the latter half of the peak onward, typically more often at higher dosages.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - This effect is often reported as being a prominent effect at all dosages.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - This effect is often most prominent during or immediately following the peak of the substance's effects.
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - This component primarily tends to happen at higher doses only, as low to medium doses of 3-FEA are more focused and productivity-oriented.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - This can be described as the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it usually would when sober.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - This can be described as the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it usually would when sober.
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' - This effect typically only occurs following the use of higher or multiple dosages.
 
}}


===After effects===
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
Line 66: Line 74:
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}


}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask: [[Category:3-FEA]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
{{#ask: [[Category:3-FEA]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
Additional experience reports can be found here:
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_3FEA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 3-FEA]


==Potential dangerous interactions==
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_3FEA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 3-FEA]
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - 3-FEA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]]s.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous levels.


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-FEA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is likely because 3-FEA has an extremely brief history of human usage, first becoming available in mid-2016. Early anecdotal reports from people within the community who have tried 3-FEA suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed).  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-FEA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-FEA has an extremely brief history of human usage, first becoming available in mid-2016.
 
Early anecdotal reports suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it very cautiously sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed).  


Likely due to its properties as a [[serotonin]]-releasing entactogen, it is possible 3-FEA may display unusually high affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, which like [[MDMA]] and fenfluramine would make it would be cardiotoxic with long-term use,<ref>Huang, X. P., Setola, V., Yadav, P. N., Allen, J. A., Rogan, S. C., Hanson, B. J., ... & Roth, B. L. (2009). Parallel functional activity profiling reveals valvulopathogens are potent 5-hydroxytryptamine2B receptor agonists: implications for drug safety assessment. ''Molecular Pharmacology'', 76(4), 710-722. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2836</ref> as seen in other 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> agonists such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine fenfluramine] and [[MDMA]].
Due to its [[serotonin]]-releasing [[entactogenic]] properties, it is possible 3-FEA may display significant affinity and activity at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, which like 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> agonists such as [[MDMA]] and fenfluramine would make it cardiotoxic with long-term or heavy use.'''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rothman, R. B.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Savage, J. E.)), ((Rauser, L.)), ((McBride, A.)), ((Hufeisen, S. J.)), ((Roth, B. L.)) | journal=Circulation | title=Evidence for Possible Involvement of 5-HT 2B Receptors in the Cardiac Valvulopathy Associated With Fenfluramine and Other Serotonergic Medications | volume=102 | issue=23 | pages=2836–2841 | date=5 December 2000 | url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2836 | issn=0009-7322 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2836}}</ref>'''


It is strongly recommended that one use proper [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use proper [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Although it still remains to be seen, the chronic use of 3-FEA will likely become considered to be [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and capable of causing psychological dependence among a certain population of users. When dependence or addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Although it still remains to be seen, the chronic use of 3-FEA will likely come to be considered to be [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and capable of causing psychological dependence among a certain population of users. When dependence or addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.


Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-FEA [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. Afterward, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 5 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-FEA presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic and [[serotonin|serotonergic]] [[stimulant]]s]] and [[entactogens]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-FEA all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect (including atypical stimulants one might not expect, like [[MDMA]] or [[amphetamine]] due to its reliance on dopamine and norepinephrine stores to exert the full spectrum of its effect).
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-FEA [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. Afterward, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::2 - 3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::3-7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-FEA likely presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic and [[serotonin|serotonergic]] [[stimulant]]s]] and [[entactogens]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-FEA all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect (including atypical stimulants one might not expect, such [[MDMA]] or [[amphetamine]] due to its reliance on robust dopamine and norepinephrine stores to exert its full spectrum of effect).


===Psychosis===
===Psychosis===
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextro[[amphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>
Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref name="Shoptaw2009">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextro[[amphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>
 
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Amphetamines}}
 
==Legal status==
3-FEA is currently a grey area compound within many parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, individuals may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analog laws and with intent to sell or consume.


==Legality==
*'''Austria''': 3-FEA is illegal to produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
{{legalStub}}
*'''Canada''': 3-FEA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analog of Amphetamine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html}}</ref>
3-FEA is currently a grey area compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.
*'''France''': As of december 2024, 3-FEA is not explicitly scheduled. It is thus legal to possess, although in a grey area.<ref>{{Citation | title=Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants  | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085/2020-11-20/}}</ref>
*'''United States:''' 3-FEA may be considered to be an analog of amphetamine, thus falling under the Federal Analog Act. The Federal Analog Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.  
*'''Germany''': 3-FEA is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' 3-FEA is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analogue clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Legislation.gov.uk) |http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I</ref>
*'''New Zealand''': 3-FEA is an amphetamine analog, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 No 116 (as at 01 July 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation | url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html}}</ref>
*'''Canada:''' 3-FEA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analogue of Amphetamine.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) |http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html#h-28</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 3-FEA can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of a-methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''New Zealand:''' 3-FEA is an amphetamine analogue, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html#DLM436576</ref>
*'''The Netherlands:''' 3-FEA is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 3-FEA  is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analog clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I}}</ref>
*'''United States''': 3-FEA may be considered to be an analogue of amphetamine under the Federal Analogue Act and thus a Schedule II drug. The Federal Analogue Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.{{citation needed}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Designer drug]]
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*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Substituted amphetamines]]
*[[Substituted amphetamines]]
*[[MDEA]]
*[[4-FA]]
*[[4-FA]]
*[[3-FA]]
*[[3-FA]]
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==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-FEA (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-FEA (Wikipedia)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=6122 3-FEA (Isomer Design)]


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Entactogen]]
[[Category:Amphetamine]]
[[Category:Amphetamine]]
[[Category:Entactogen]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
 
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