PsychonautWiki Archive

3-MMC: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
>Perry
>David Hedlund
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=3-Methylmethcathinone}}
 
(139 intermediate revisions by 40 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{proofread}}
{{SummarySheet}}
'''3-MMC''' ('''3-Methylmethcathinone''') is a short acting [[stimulant]] of the [[phenethylamine]], [[amphetamine]] and [[cathinone]] classes. Its effects are very similar to those of [[Mephedrone]] (''4-MMC''), but less euphoric and outspoken, making it the less popular substitution of the two.
{{SubstanceBox/3-MMC}}
'''3-Methylmethcathinone''' (also known as '''3-MMC''' or '''metaphedrone'''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Adamowicz, P.)), ((Gieroń, J.)), ((Gil, D.)), ((Lechowicz, W.)), ((Skulska, A.)), ((Tokarczyk, B.)) | journal=Journal of Analytical Toxicology | title=3-Methylmethcathinone—Interpretation of Blood Concentrations Based on Analysis of 95 Cases | volume=40 | issue=4 | pages=272–276 | date= May 2016 | url=https://academic.oup.com/jat/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jat/bkw018 | issn=0146-4760 | doi=10.1093/jat/bkw018}}</ref>) is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is a structural analog of [[mephedrone]] (4-MMC) and was created as a legal designer drug after the banning of 4-MMC. The mechanism of action is not fully studied, but [[dopamine]] and [[serotonin]] and norepinephrine releasing activity is known to be involved.


==WORK IN PROGRESS==
3-MMC first appeared on the online [[research chemical]] market shortly after the banning of the massively popular mephedrone. Its first emergence was recorded in Europe in 2012<ref>{{citation | vauthors=((World Health Organisation)), ((Expert Committee on Drug Dependence)) | title=Critical review report: 3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) | date= October 2022 | url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/45th-ecdd/3-mmc_draft.pdf}}</ref>. It is a prominent example of a contemporary [[designer drug]] specifically chosen to mimic and/or replace the functional and structural features of its recently-controlled predecessors.
This is a WIP. Feel free to add or edit anything, but don’t feel obligated, since I shall continue editing and adding information to the contents of this topic.
 
[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement|enhanced empathy and sociability]], [[muscle relaxation|relaxation]], [[increased libido]], and [[euphoria]]. The effects are reported to be similar to those of mephedrone, which is sometimes described as a hybrid of [[MDMA]] and [[cocaine]].
 
However, it is described as being slightly less entactogenic and more stimulating than mephedrone, and some report more side effects. Like mephedrone and [[cocaine]], it is associated with [[compulsive redosing]] and abuse due to its powerful, short-lived [[euphoric]] rush. It is typically administered via [[insufflation]], although [[oral]] and [[injection]] [[routes]] have been observed.
 
Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-MMC, and it has little history of human use.{{citation needed}} Preliminary evidence suggests chronic use (i.e. high dose, repeat administration) may carry neurotoxic and cardiotoxic risks.{{citation needed}} It is reported to produce the symptoms of [[serotonin]] depletion with overuse.
 
It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.  


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
{{chemistry}}
3-MMC, or 3-Methylmethcathinone, belongs to a class of synthetic organic compounds known as cathinones. Cathinones are a sub-category of [[amphetamines]], meaning they share the core amphetamine structure of a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain, and an additional methyl substitution at R<sub>α</sub>.
 
Cathinones are differentiated by their ketone substitution on the beta carbon of the amphetamine skeleton, meaning they are β-keto-amphetamines. 3-MMC has two methyl substitutions on its cathinone skeleton, one at R<sub>3</sub> of the phenyl ring, and a second at the nitrogen group R<sub>N</sub>.
 
It is a structural analog of [[mephedrone]] (4-methylmethcathinone), meaning it is identical in structure except for the placement of the methyl group at R<sub>4</sub> instead of R<sub>3</sub>
 
It is a chiral compound with a stereocenter at R<sub>2</sub> of the propane side-chain. Two enantiomers exist: R-3-MMC and S-3-MMC. Due to the similarity with cathinone proper, the S form is thought to be more potent than the R form{{citation needed}}.
 
The hydrochloride salt of 3-MMC occurs as a white crystalline powder. It has a melting point of 193.2 ± 0.2°C (hydrochloride salt) and a boiling point of 280.5 ± 23.0°C at 760 mm Hg. It is sparingly soluble in PBS; slightly soluble in ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl formamide{{citation needed}}.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely speculation based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[entactogens]] and [[stimulants]] such as [[mephedrone]], [[amphetamine]] and [[2-FMA]].
 
3-MMC most likely acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine [[Reuptake inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]]. This means that it effectively boosts the levels of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[norepinephrine]], and [[dopamine]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove them from the synaptic cleft. This allows the neurotransmitters to accumulate in the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects.{{citation needed}}


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}
{{effectStub}}
The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect:: Stimulation]]''' -  3-MMC is reported to be extremely stimulating and energetic. It can encourage physical activities like running or dancing, which makes it popular for parties and raves. <p>The style of stimulation can be described as "forced". This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily body shakes and vibrations become present. <p>Additionally, persistent or wave-like feelings of deep [[sedation]] and [[Muscle relaxation|relaxation]] may be paradoxically present, typically at moderate to strong doses.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' -  The "body high" of 3-MMC can be characterized as a moderate to extreme euphoric tingling sensation that encompasses the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelmingly pleasurable at higher doses. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - Physical euphoria is very prominent when used responsibly (i.e. reasonable dosing and spacing between experiences) and can lead to profound feelings of social and physical [[disinhibition]].
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile hallucination]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Decreased bodily temperature]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' ”<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Assi, S.)), ((Gulyamova, N.)), ((Kneller, P.)), ((Osselton, D.)) | journal=Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental | title=The effects and toxicity of cathinones from the users’ perspectives: A qualitative study | volume=32 | issue=3 | pages=e2610 | date= May 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2610 | issn=08856222 | doi=10.1002/hup.2610}}</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''  - Nausea is most commonly present during the [[come up]] phase of the experience, and at higher doses, but has been reported to occur spontaneously in those who are thought to be susceptible to it.
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - This effect is typically very strong. It is reported that this effect is often more prominent than that experienced from using [[mephedrone]].{{citation needed}} This effect may contribute to excessive redosing, which is a commonly reported effect for this substance.
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At high doses, the user's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus. This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This effect when experienced alongside [[euphoria]] can often lead to users mildly or intensely clenching their jaw muscles, sometimes even to the point where the individual’s facial expression begins to change. This is sometimes colloquially called “gurning”<ref>{{Citation | title=Urban Dictionary: gurning | url=https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=gurning}}</ref> and is typically only experienced in common to high dosages.
*'''[[Effect::Shortness of breath]]''' - Due to the strong vasoconstriction 3-MMC causes, the blood flow to organs can be limited. When this happens in the lungs or in the chest muscles, the vasoconstriction can cause a blood oxygen deficiency and difficulty breathing.
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This is a rare effect but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially when taking heavy doses or redosing while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated or fatigued.
 
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]] - The dopaminergic effects of 3-MMC likely contributes to this.
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delirium]]''' & '''[[Effect::Confusion]]''' - This effect typically only occurs with overly high doses, and is associated with temperature dysregulation and overheating, particularly when 3-MMC is taken in crowded, physically strenuous environments that leaves the user unable to cool off, rest, or rehydrate adequately.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion|Time compression]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are commonly produced by 3-MMC and speed up the experience of time noticeably.
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/visual|


===Physical effects===
====Enhancements====
*'''[[Effect:: Spontaneous tactile sensations]]'''
3-MMC presents an array of visual enhancements which are mild in comparison to traditional psychedelics, but still distinctly present. These generally include:
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''


===Cognitive effects===
====Suppressions====
*'''[[Effect:: Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''


===Auditory effects===
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/auditory|
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucination]]'''
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=3-Methylmethcathinone}}
==Reagent results==
Exposing compounds to the reagents gives a colour change which is indicative of the compound under test.
{| class="wikitable"
!Marquis
!Mecke
!Mandelin
!Liebermann
!Froehde
!Gallic
!Ehrlich
!Hofmann
!Simon's
!Zimmermann
|-
|Yellowish
|No reaction
|No reaction
|Orange - Yellow
|Yellowish
|No reaction
|No reaction
|No reaction
|Blue
|Purple ring/brown
|}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{stub}}
{{toxicity}}
As with all [[research chemicals]], the long-term effects of 3-MMC haven’t been researched extensive enough to provide accurate information of its risks and harm.
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
As with most [[research chemicals]], the long-term effects of 3-MMC have not been researched extensively enough to provide accurate information of its risks and harm.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
Both tolerance and addiction are a huge concern with the use of 3-MMC.  
 
===Dependence and abuse potential===
As with other [[stimulants]], the chronic use of 3-MMC can be considered [[Addiction potential::extremely addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. It is said that this compound is considerably more addictive than that of [[mephedrone]].
 
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-MMC [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-MMC presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-MMC all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[cathinone]]s}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[Substituted cathinones|cathinones]]}}
*’’’[[MDMA]]’’’ - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*’’’[[Cocaine]]’’’- This combination will increase strain on the heart.


====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
{{legalStub}}
 
Up until recently, 3-MMC was legally and easily obtainable to most people by ordering it online. Some countries had found ways to include it within other drug acts, but most had not banned the specific chemical, nor included its structure or use within bigger law articles. <ref>THE STATE OF THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE (p27) | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_190854_EN_TDAC12001ENC_.pdf</ref> Since October 2015, the drug has been banned, along with an enormous amount of other chemicals, in China. Due to this ban, many chemicals have become increasingly diffucult to attain, as the manufacturing was mainly done by Chinese chemical companies.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''Austria''': 3-MMC is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
*'''Brazil''': Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/33868/3233596/55+-+RDC+N%C2%BA+143-2017-DOU.pdf/de80dc69-acb4-48b3-a6ac-1198993b0c1e</ref>
*'''China''': Since October 2015, 3-MMC has been banned (along with many other chemicals) in China. Due to this ban, many chemicals have become increasingly difficult to attain since the manufacturing was mainly done by Chinese chemical companies.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''Czech Republic''': 3-MMC is banned in the Czech Republic.<ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref>
*'''Germany''': 3-MMC is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule I'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html|title=Anlage I BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of December 13, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl114s1999.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl114s1999.pdf%27%5D__1576023093735|title=Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Poland''': 3-MMC is classified as a “II-P category drug” as of April 25th, 2024, making it illegal. <ref>https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20240000536/O/D20240536.pdf</ref>
*'''Sweden''': 3-MMC is classified as a narcotic substance.<ref>http://rkrattsbaser.gov.se/sfst?fritext=3-MMC&upph=false&sort=desc</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 3-MMC can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 3-MMC is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref>
*'''The Netherlands:''' 3-MMC was classified as a Lijst 2 (softdrug) drug in October 2021, Since April 2024 the goverment classified it as a Lijst 1 on the Opiumwet, making it a harddrug.<ref>[https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2024-04-16#BijlageI] Opiumlijst of The Netherlands.</ref> 
*'''United Kingdom''': 3-MMC is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>
*'''United States:''' 3-MMC is not formally listed but is categorized by the DEA as a Schedule I Positional Isomer. [https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/c_cs_alpha.pdf]


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Substituted cathinone]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Substituted Cathinones]]
*[[Entactogens]]
*[[Amphetamine]]
*[[Mephedrone]] (''4-MMC'')
*[[MDMA]]
*[[Cocaine]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylmethcathinone 3-MMC (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylmethcathinone 3-MMC (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_3Methylmethcathinone.shtml 3-MMC Experiences (Erowid)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2480 3-MMC (Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/608696-3-MMC-(3-Methylmethcathinone)-Megathread-(v1) 3-MMC (Bluelight)]
 
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/3-mmc 3-MMC (Tripsit)]
===Discussion===
 
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/608696-3-MMC-(3-Methylmethcathinone)-Megathread-(v1) 3-MMC (3-Methylmethcathinone) Megathread (v1) (Bluelight)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
 
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Entactogen]]
[[Category:Cathinone]]
[[Category:Cathinone]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/3-MMC"