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Melatonin: Difference between revisions
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'''N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine''' (also known as '''melatonin'''<ref>{{Citation | title=Sleepdex: Melatonin |url=http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm}}</ref>) is a hormone of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. It is found in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In animals, it functions as a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hardeland, R.)), ((Pandi-Perumal, S. R.)), ((Cardinali, D. P.)) | journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | title=Melatonin | volume=38 | issue=3 | pages=313–316 | date= March 2006 | issn=1357-2725 | doi=10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.020}}</ref> it may have different functions in other organisms. | '''N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine''' (also known as '''melatonin'''<ref>{{Citation | title=Sleepdex: Melatonin |url=http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm}}</ref>) is a hormone of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. It is found in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In animals, it functions as a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hardeland, R.)), ((Pandi-Perumal, S. R.)), ((Cardinali, D. P.)) | journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | title=Melatonin | volume=38 | issue=3 | pages=313–316 | date= March 2006 | issn=1357-2725 | doi=10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.020}}</ref> it may have different functions in other organisms. | ||
Melatonin is active and can be taken [[sublingually]] and [[ | Melatonin is active and can be taken [[sublingually]] and [[buccally]] by placing it into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15-25 minutes. It is less active when taken [[orally]]. | ||
Melatonin is commonly used as a medication for insomnia; however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to prove any benefit in this area.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brasure, M.)), ((MacDonald, R.)), ((Fuchs, E.)), ((Olson, C. M.)), ((Carlyle, M.)), ((Diem, S.)), ((Koffel, E.)), ((Khawaja, I. S.)), ((Ouellette, J.)), ((Butler, M.)), ((Kane, R. L.)), ((Wilt, T. J.)) | date= 2015 | title=Management of Insomnia Disorder | publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | series=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343503/}}</ref> It is sold over-the-counter in most pharmacies within the United States and Canada. In other countries, it may require a prescription or not be available. | Melatonin is commonly used as a medication for insomnia; however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to prove any benefit in this area.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brasure, M.)), ((MacDonald, R.)), ((Fuchs, E.)), ((Olson, C. M.)), ((Carlyle, M.)), ((Diem, S.)), ((Koffel, E.)), ((Khawaja, I. S.)), ((Ouellette, J.)), ((Butler, M.)), ((Kane, R. L.)), ((Wilt, T. J.)) | date= 2015 | title=Management of Insomnia Disorder | publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | series=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343503/}}</ref> It is sold over-the-counter in most pharmacies within the United States and Canada. In other countries, it may require a prescription or not be available. | ||
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==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | {{effects/base | ||
|{{effects/physical| | |{{effects/physical| | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' - Regarding its effects on the user's physical energy levels, melatonin is commonly considered to facilitate sleepiness. It is often used and sold as a sleep aid and mimics one's natural circadian cycle. | *'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' - Regarding its effects on the user's physical energy levels, melatonin is commonly considered to facilitate sleepiness. It is often used and sold as a sleep aid and mimics one's natural circadian cycle. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]] or [[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Although this substance decreases anxiety with most people, it can also cause anxiety by some. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming. | *'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' - Depersonalization can present itself upon the come-up and persist well into the next day if the user has ingested a massive dose. | *'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' - Depersonalization can present itself upon the come-up and persist well into the next day if the user has ingested a massive dose. | ||
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**in modified release tablets containing 2 mg or less of melatonin for monotherapy for the short term treatment of primary insomnia characterised by poor quality of sleep for adults aged 55 or over, in packs containing not more than 30 tablets.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=Health | title=Poisons Standard February 2022 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L00074/}}</ref> | **in modified release tablets containing 2 mg or less of melatonin for monotherapy for the short term treatment of primary insomnia characterised by poor quality of sleep for adults aged 55 or over, in packs containing not more than 30 tablets.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=Health | title=Poisons Standard February 2022 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L00074/}}</ref> | ||
*'''Canada''': Melatonin is freely available to purchase as a dietary supplement and can be found at most pharmacies and grocery stores across the country.<ref>https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80015830</ref> | *'''Canada''': Melatonin is freely available to purchase as a dietary supplement and can be found at most pharmacies and grocery stores across the country.<ref>https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80015830</ref> | ||
*France: Melatonin is available over the counter | |||
*'''Germany''': Melatonin is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage 1 AMVV - Einzelnorm | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/anlage_1.html}}</ref> It is however available as a dietary supplement in certain forms, often in low dosages or as combination preparations.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Moll, D.)) | year=2019 | title=Melatonin in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln | url=https://www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de/news/artikel/2019/10/22/melatonin-in-nahrungsergaenzungsmitteln}}</ref> | *'''Germany''': Melatonin is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage 1 AMVV - Einzelnorm | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/anlage_1.html}}</ref> It is however available as a dietary supplement in certain forms, often in low dosages or as combination preparations.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Moll, D.)) | year=2019 | title=Melatonin in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln | url=https://www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de/news/artikel/2019/10/22/melatonin-in-nahrungsergaenzungsmitteln}}</ref> | ||
*'''India''': Melatonin is legal to purchase as a dietary supplement.{{citation needed}} | *'''India''': Melatonin is legal to purchase as a dietary supplement.{{citation needed}} | ||