Inhalants: Difference between revisions

>David Hedlund
Medical inhalants: ==Overview==
>David Hedlund
Undo revision 167549 by Blackhole (talk)
 
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! Sub category
! Sub category
! Psychoactive effect
! Psychoactive effect
! [[ICD-10]]
! Examples<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radparvar |first1=S |title=The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Inhalant Abuse. |journal=The Permanente journal |date=15 June 2023 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=99-109 |doi=10.7812/TPP/22.164 |pmid=37078126 |pmc=10266853}}</ref>
! Examples
! Example image
! Example image
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| [[Dissociative]]
| [[Dissociative]]
| {{ICD10|T|65|3|t|51}}<br />{{ICD10|T|65|5|t|51}}
| [[Alkyl nitrites]] ([[poppers]] such as [[amyl nitrite]])
| [[Alkyl nitrites]] ([[poppers]] such as [[amyl nitrite]])
| [[Image:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|frameless|center|90x50px]]
| [[Image:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|frameless|center|90x50px]]
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|  
|  
| [[Dissociative]]
| [[Dissociative]]
| {{ICD10|T|59|0|t|51}}
| [[Nitrous oxide]] (found in whipped cream canisters)
| [[Nitrous oxide]] (found in whipped cream canisters)
| [[Image:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|frameless|center|150x50px]]
| [[Image:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|frameless|center|150x50px]]
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|  
|  
| [[Depressant]]
| [[Depressant]]
|
| [[Diethyl ether]] (liquid): Fuel, aerosol propellant, refrigerant, “freeze” sprays, fuel
| [[Diethyl ether]] (liquid): Fuel, aerosol propellant, refrigerant, “freeze” sprays, fuel
|  
|  
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| rowspan="5" | [[Chloroalkane]]s
| rowspan="5" | [[Chloroalkane]]s
| rowspan="5" | [[Depressant]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Depressant]]
| rowspan="5" | {{ICD10|T|53||t|51}}
|-
|-
| [[Carbon tetrachloride]] (liquid): Cleaning solutions, aerosol propellants
| [[Carbon tetrachloride]] (liquid): Cleaning solutions, aerosol propellants
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|  
|  
| [[Depressant]]
| [[Depressant]]
|
| [[Dimethyl ether]] (liquid): See "ethyl ether" for sources
| [[Dimethyl ether]] (liquid): See "ethyl ether" for sources
|  
|  
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| rowspan="4" | [[Chloroalkane]]s
| rowspan="4" | [[Chloroalkane]]s
| rowspan="4" | [[Depressant]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Depressant]]
| rowspan="4" | {{ICD10|T|53||t|51}}
|-
|-
| [[Methylene chloride]] (liquid): Paint thinners, varnish removers, degreasing agent
| [[Methylene chloride]] (liquid): Paint thinners, varnish removers, degreasing agent
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| rowspan="7" | [[Aliphatic hydrocarbon]]s
| rowspan="7" | [[Aliphatic hydrocarbon]]s
| rowspan="7" | [[Dissociative]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Dissociative]]
| rowspan="7" | {{ICD10|T|52|0|t|51}}
|-
|-
| [[Butane]], [[propane]], [[methane]] (gas): Lighter fluid, bottled fuel, aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, deodorants, room fresheners, cooking oil sprays)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radparvar |first1=S |title=The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Inhalant Abuse. |journal=The Permanente journal |date=15 June 2023 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=99-109 |doi=10.7812/TPP/22.164 |pmid=37078126 |pmc=10266853}}</ref>
| [[Butane]], [[propane]], [[methane]] (gas): Lighter fluid, bottled fuel, aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, deodorants, room fresheners, cooking oil sprays)
| [[Image:Butane simple.svg|frameless|center|90x60px]]
| [[Image:Butane simple.svg|frameless|center|90x60px]]
|-
|-
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| rowspan="3" | [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s
| rowspan="3" | [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s
| rowspan="3" | [[Dissociative]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Dissociative]]
| {{ICD10|T|52|1|t|51}}
| [[Benzene]] (liquid): Gasoline, rubber cement
| [[Benzene]] (liquid): Gasoline, rubber cement
|  
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{ICD10|T|52|2|t|51}}
| [[Toluene]] (liquid): Adhesives, paint thinner, spray paint, rubber cement, nail polish remover
| [[Toluene]] (liquid): Adhesives, paint thinner, spray paint, rubber cement, nail polish remover
| [[Image:Toluol.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]]
| [[Image:Toluol.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]]
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| [[Fluorocarbon]]s
| [[Fluorocarbon]]s
|  
|  
| Chlorofluorocarbons (gas): (freons: difluoroethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane) Refrigerants, various aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, computer spray or duster, deodorants, room fresheners, fire extinguisher)
|  
|  
| Chlorofluorocarbons (gas): (freons: difluoroethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane) Refrigerants, various aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, computer spray or duster, deodorants, room fresheners, fire extinguisher)
|-
|-
| [[Ketone]]s
| [[Ketone]]s
|  
|  
| [[Depressant]]
| [[Depressant]]
| {{ICD10|T|52|4|t|51}}
| [[Acetone]] (used in [[nail polish remover]])
| [[Acetone]] (used in [[nail polish remover]])
| [[Image:Acetone-2D-skeletal.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]]
| [[Image:Acetone-2D-skeletal.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]]
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==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
[[File:HarmCausedByDrugsTable.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Table from the 2010 ISCD study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. Butane was found to be the 14th overall most dangerous drug.<ref name="Nutt_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD | title = Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis | journal = Lancet | volume = 376 | issue = 9752 | pages = 1558–1565 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 21036393 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6 | s2cid = 5667719 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.690.1283 }}</ref>]]
'''This section covers risks general risks for both medical and nonmedical inhalants. For specific risks with nonmedical inhalants, see [[#Toxicity and harm potential for dangerous inhalants|Toxicity and harm potential for toxic inhalants]]'''
'''This section covers risks general risks for both medical and nonmedical inhalants. For specific risks with nonmedical inhalants, see [[#Toxicity and harm potential for dangerous inhalants|Toxicity and harm potential for toxic inhalants]]'''