Inhalants: Difference between revisions
>David Hedlund →Medical inhalants: ==Overview== |
>David Hedlund |
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! Sub category | ! Sub category | ||
! Psychoactive effect | ! Psychoactive effect | ||
! | ! Examples<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radparvar |first1=S |title=The Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Inhalant Abuse. |journal=The Permanente journal |date=15 June 2023 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=99-109 |doi=10.7812/TPP/22.164 |pmid=37078126 |pmc=10266853}}</ref> | ||
! Example image | ! Example image | ||
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| [[Dissociative]] | | [[Dissociative]] | ||
| [[Alkyl nitrites]] ([[poppers]] such as [[amyl nitrite]]) | | [[Alkyl nitrites]] ([[poppers]] such as [[amyl nitrite]]) | ||
| [[Image:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|frameless|center|90x50px]] | | [[Image:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|frameless|center|90x50px]] | ||
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| [[Dissociative]] | | [[Dissociative]] | ||
| [[Nitrous oxide]] (found in whipped cream canisters) | | [[Nitrous oxide]] (found in whipped cream canisters) | ||
| [[Image:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|frameless|center|150x50px]] | | [[Image:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|frameless|center|150x50px]] | ||
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| [[Depressant]] | | [[Depressant]] | ||
| [[Diethyl ether]] (liquid): Fuel, aerosol propellant, refrigerant, “freeze” sprays, fuel | | [[Diethyl ether]] (liquid): Fuel, aerosol propellant, refrigerant, “freeze” sprays, fuel | ||
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| rowspan="5" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | | rowspan="5" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | ||
| rowspan="5" | [[Depressant]] | | rowspan="5" | [[Depressant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Carbon tetrachloride]] (liquid): Cleaning solutions, aerosol propellants | | [[Carbon tetrachloride]] (liquid): Cleaning solutions, aerosol propellants | ||
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| [[Depressant]] | | [[Depressant]] | ||
| [[Dimethyl ether]] (liquid): See "ethyl ether" for sources | | [[Dimethyl ether]] (liquid): See "ethyl ether" for sources | ||
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| rowspan="4" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | | rowspan="4" | [[Chloroalkane]]s | ||
| rowspan="4" | [[Depressant]] | | rowspan="4" | [[Depressant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Methylene chloride]] (liquid): Paint thinners, varnish removers, degreasing agent | | [[Methylene chloride]] (liquid): Paint thinners, varnish removers, degreasing agent | ||
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| rowspan="7" | [[Aliphatic hydrocarbon]]s | | rowspan="7" | [[Aliphatic hydrocarbon]]s | ||
| rowspan="7" | [[Dissociative]] | | rowspan="7" | [[Dissociative]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Butane]], [[propane]], [[methane]] (gas): Lighter fluid, bottled fuel, aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, deodorants, room fresheners, cooking oil sprays) | | [[Butane]], [[propane]], [[methane]] (gas): Lighter fluid, bottled fuel, aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, deodorants, room fresheners, cooking oil sprays) | ||
| [[Image:Butane simple.svg|frameless|center|90x60px]] | | [[Image:Butane simple.svg|frameless|center|90x60px]] | ||
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| rowspan="3" | [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s | | rowspan="3" | [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s | ||
| rowspan="3" | [[Dissociative]] | | rowspan="3" | [[Dissociative]] | ||
| [[Benzene]] (liquid): Gasoline, rubber cement | | [[Benzene]] (liquid): Gasoline, rubber cement | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[Toluene]] (liquid): Adhesives, paint thinner, spray paint, rubber cement, nail polish remover | | [[Toluene]] (liquid): Adhesives, paint thinner, spray paint, rubber cement, nail polish remover | ||
| [[Image:Toluol.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | | [[Image:Toluol.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | ||
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| [[Fluorocarbon]]s | | [[Fluorocarbon]]s | ||
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| Chlorofluorocarbons (gas): (freons: difluoroethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane) Refrigerants, various aerosol propellants (hair spray, spray paint, computer spray or duster, deodorants, room fresheners, fire extinguisher) | |||
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| [[Ketone]]s | | [[Ketone]]s | ||
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| [[Depressant]] | | [[Depressant]] | ||
| [[Acetone]] (used in [[nail polish remover]]) | | [[Acetone]] (used in [[nail polish remover]]) | ||
| [[Image:Acetone-2D-skeletal.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | | [[Image:Acetone-2D-skeletal.svg|frameless|center|60x50px]] | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
[[File:HarmCausedByDrugsTable.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Table from the 2010 ISCD study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. Butane was found to be the 14th overall most dangerous drug.<ref name="Nutt_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD | title = Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis | journal = Lancet | volume = 376 | issue = 9752 | pages = 1558–1565 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 21036393 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6 | s2cid = 5667719 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.690.1283 }}</ref>]] | |||
'''This section covers risks general risks for both medical and nonmedical inhalants. For specific risks with nonmedical inhalants, see [[#Toxicity and harm potential for dangerous inhalants|Toxicity and harm potential for toxic inhalants]]''' | '''This section covers risks general risks for both medical and nonmedical inhalants. For specific risks with nonmedical inhalants, see [[#Toxicity and harm potential for dangerous inhalants|Toxicity and harm potential for toxic inhalants]]''' | ||