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4F-MPH: Difference between revisions
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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4F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine and norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects. | 4F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects. | ||
According to a pharmacological evaluation, the ''(±)-threo'' isomer of 4F-MPH is 2.15 times more effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition, and 2.7 times more at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, than its parent compound methylphenidate. The ''(±)-erythro'' isomer, however, is 65 times less effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition and 45.6 times less effective at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition than methylphenidate. Neither racemate of 4F-MPH has a significant impact on serotonin reuptake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((McLaughlin, G.)), ((Morris, N.)), ((Kavanagh, P. V.)), ((Power, J. D.)), ((Dowling, G.)), ((Twamley, B.)), ((O’Brien, J.)), ((Hessman, G.)), ((Murphy, B.)), ((Walther, D.)), ((Partilla, J. S.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) and differentiation between the (±)- threo and (±)- erythro diastereomers: Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=347–357 | date= March 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2167 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2167}}</ref> | According to a pharmacological evaluation, the ''(±)-threo'' isomer of 4F-MPH is 2.15 times more effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition, and 2.7 times more at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, than its parent compound methylphenidate. The ''(±)-erythro'' isomer, however, is 65 times less effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition and 45.6 times less effective at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition than methylphenidate. Neither racemate of 4F-MPH has a significant impact on serotonin reuptake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((McLaughlin, G.)), ((Morris, N.)), ((Kavanagh, P. V.)), ((Power, J. D.)), ((Dowling, G.)), ((Twamley, B.)), ((O’Brien, J.)), ((Hessman, G.)), ((Murphy, B.)), ((Walther, D.)), ((Partilla, J. S.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) and differentiation between the (±)- threo and (±)- erythro diastereomers: Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=347–357 | date= March 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2167 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2167}}</ref> | ||
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*'''Italy''': 4F-MPH is a schedule I substance and is illegal to possess, produce, sell and buy. | *'''Italy''': 4F-MPH is a schedule I substance and is illegal to possess, produce, sell and buy. | ||
*'''Switzerland''': 4F-MPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Switzerland''': 4F-MPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''The Netherlands:''' 4F-MPH is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref> | |||
*'''Turkey:''' 4F-MPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref> | *'''Turkey:''' 4F-MPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate is a class B drug in the UK as of 31st May 2017 and is illegal to possess, produce or supply. <ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/634/made}}</ref> | *'''United Kingdom''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate is a class B drug in the UK as of 31st May 2017 and is illegal to possess, produce or supply. <ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/634/made}}</ref> | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | |||
[[Category:Phenidate]] | [[Category:Phenidate]] | ||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | [[Category:Research chemical]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||