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Gabapentin: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/Gabapentin}} | {{SubstanceBox/Gabapentin}} | ||
'''Gabapentin''' (also known as '''Neurontin''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class. It is a structural analog of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[GABA]] and acts by inhibiting certain calcium channels in the brain namely α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VGCCs).<ref name="CalandreRico-Villademoros2016">{{cite journal|last1=Calandre|first1=Elena P.|last2=Rico-Villademoros|first2=Fernando|last3=Slim|first3=Mahmoud|title=Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=16|issue=11|year=2016|pages=1263–1277|issn=1473-7175|doi=10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764}}</ref> | '''Gabapentin''' (also known as '''Neurontin''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[chemical class::gabapentinoid]] class. It is a structural analog of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[GABA]] and acts by inhibiting certain calcium channels in the brain, namely α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VGCCs).<ref name="CalandreRico-Villademoros2016">{{cite journal|last1=Calandre|first1=Elena P.|last2=Rico-Villademoros|first2=Fernando|last3=Slim|first3=Mahmoud|title=Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=16|issue=11|year=2016|pages=1263–1277|issn=1473-7175|doi=10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764}}</ref> | ||
Gabapentin was originally developed to treat epilepsy and is currently FDA approved to treat postherpetic neuralgia in adults and as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures. It is often prescribed off-label for [[restless leg syndrome]], social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Schatzberg, A. F.)), ((Cole, J. O.)), ((DeBattista, C.)) | date= 2010 | title=Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology | publisher=American Psychiatric Pub. | isbn=9781585623778}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Sobel, S. V.)) | date=5 November 2012 | title=Successful Psychopharmacology: Evidence-Based Treatment Solutions for Achieving Remission | publisher=W. W. Norton & Company | isbn=9780393708578}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Richards, D.)), ((Aronson, J.)), ((Coleman, J.)), ((Reynolds, D. J.)) | date=10 November 2011 | title=Oxford Handbook of Practical Drug Therapy | publisher=OUP Oxford | isbn=9780199562855}}</ref> | Gabapentin was originally developed to treat epilepsy and is currently FDA approved to treat postherpetic neuralgia in adults and as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures. It is often prescribed off-label for [[restless leg syndrome]], social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Schatzberg, A. F.)), ((Cole, J. O.)), ((DeBattista, C.)) | date= 2010 | title=Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology | publisher=American Psychiatric Pub. | isbn=9781585623778}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Sobel, S. V.)) | date=5 November 2012 | title=Successful Psychopharmacology: Evidence-Based Treatment Solutions for Achieving Remission | publisher=W. W. Norton & Company | isbn=9780393708578}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Richards, D.)), ((Aronson, J.)), ((Coleman, J.)), ((Reynolds, D. J.)) | date=10 November 2011 | title=Oxford Handbook of Practical Drug Therapy | publisher=OUP Oxford | isbn=9780199562855}}</ref> | ||
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[[Subjective effects]] include mild to moderate [[anxiety suppression]], [[pain relief]], and [[muscle relaxation]]. Its analgesic and anxiolytic effects provide gabapentin with some recreational potential in a manner that can be compared to a mild [[benzodiazepine]]. However, these recreational effects are reported to diminish quickly with repeated usage and are typically reported by those who do not have a tolerance to this compound. | [[Subjective effects]] include mild to moderate [[anxiety suppression]], [[pain relief]], and [[muscle relaxation]]. Its analgesic and anxiolytic effects provide gabapentin with some recreational potential in a manner that can be compared to a mild [[benzodiazepine]]. However, these recreational effects are reported to diminish quickly with repeated usage and are typically reported by those who do not have a tolerance to this compound. | ||
Gabapentin is considered to have low abuse potential compared to most recreational depressants. However, chronic use can lead to physical dependence. Additionally, there is a risk of fatal overdose when it is combined with other [[depressants]] (a somewhat common practice considering its weak effects). It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance. | Gabapentin is considered to have low abuse potential compared to most recreational depressants. However, chronic use can lead to physical dependence. Additionally, there is a increased risk of fatal overdose when it is combined with other [[depressants]] (a somewhat common practice considering its weak effects). It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance. | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabapentin Gabapentin (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabapentin Gabapentin (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://www.erowid.org/pharms/gabapentin/ Gabapentin (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://www.erowid.org/pharms/gabapentin/ Gabapentin (Erowid Vault)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=8697 Gabapentin ( | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=8697 Gabapentin (Isomer Design)] | ||
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00996 Gabapentin (DrugBank)] | |||
*[https://www.drugs.com/gabapentin.html Gabapentin (Drugs.com)] | |||
*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/Gabapentin Gabapentin (Drugs-Forum)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Cycloalkylamine]] | |||
[[Category:Gamma-Amino acid]] | |||
[[Category:Depressant]] | [[Category:Depressant]] | ||
[[Category:Anxiolytics]] | [[Category:Anxiolytics]] | ||
[[Category:Gabapentinoid]] | [[Category:Gabapentinoid]] | ||
{{#set:Featured=true}} | |||