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Time distortion: Difference between revisions
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Time dilation is defined as the feeling that time has slowed down.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pink-Hashkes, S.)), ((Rooij, I. J. E. I. van)), ((Kwisthout, J. H. P.)) | journal=London, UK : Cognitive Science Society | title=Perception is in the details: A predictive coding account of the psychedelic phenomenon | date= 2017 | url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/179969}}</ref> This commonly occurs during intense hallucinogenic experiences and seems to stem from the fact that during an intense trip, abnormally large amounts of experience are felt in very short periods of time.<ref name="HillFischer1969">{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=R. M.|last2=Fischer|first2=R.|last3=Warshay|first3=Diana|title=Effects of excitatory and tranquilizing drugs on visual perception. spatial distortion thresholds|journal=Experientia|volume=25|issue=2|year=1969|pages=171–172|issn=0014-4754|doi=10.1007/BF01899105}}</ref><ref name="Fischer1971">{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=R.|title=A Cartography of the Ecstatic and Meditative States|journal=Science|volume=174|issue=4012|year=1971|pages=897–904|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.174.4012.897}}</ref> This can create the illusion that more time has passed than actually has. For example, at the end of certain experiences, one may feel that they have subjectively undergone days, weeks, months, years, or even infinite periods of time. | Time dilation is defined as the feeling that time has slowed down.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pink-Hashkes, S.)), ((Rooij, I. J. E. I. van)), ((Kwisthout, J. H. P.)) | journal=London, UK : Cognitive Science Society | title=Perception is in the details: A predictive coding account of the psychedelic phenomenon | date= 2017 | url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/179969}}</ref> This commonly occurs during intense hallucinogenic experiences and seems to stem from the fact that during an intense trip, abnormally large amounts of experience are felt in very short periods of time.<ref name="HillFischer1969">{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=R. M.|last2=Fischer|first2=R.|last3=Warshay|first3=Diana|title=Effects of excitatory and tranquilizing drugs on visual perception. spatial distortion thresholds|journal=Experientia|volume=25|issue=2|year=1969|pages=171–172|issn=0014-4754|doi=10.1007/BF01899105}}</ref><ref name="Fischer1971">{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=R.|title=A Cartography of the Ecstatic and Meditative States|journal=Science|volume=174|issue=4012|year=1971|pages=897–904|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.174.4012.897}}</ref> This can create the illusion that more time has passed than actually has. For example, at the end of certain experiences, one may feel that they have subjectively undergone days, weeks, months, years, or even infinite periods of time. | ||
Time dilation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[spirituality | Time dilation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[Spirituality intensification|spirituality intensification]],<ref name="Buckley1981">{{cite journal|last1=Buckley|first1=P.|title=Mystical Experience and Schizophrenia|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=7|issue=3|year=1981|pages=516–521|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/7.3.516}}</ref> [[thought loops]], [[novelty enhancement]], and [[internal hallucinations]] in a manner which may lead one into perceiving a disproportionately large number of events considering the amount of time that has actually passed in the real world. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schroll, M. A.)) | journal=European Journal of Ecopsychology | title=From ecopsychology to transpersonal ecosophy: Shamanism, psychedelics and transpersonal psychology | volume=4 | pages=116–144 | date= 2013 | url=http://www.psilosophy.info/resources/EJE%20v4_Schroll.pdf}}</ref><ref name="RileyBlackman2009">{{cite journal|last1=Riley|first1=Sarah C.E.|last2=Blackman|first2=Graham|title=Between Prohibitions: Patterns and Meanings of Magic Mushroom Use in the UK|journal=Substance Use & Misuse|volume=43|issue=1|year=2009|pages=55–71|issn=1082-6084|doi=10.1080/10826080701772363}}</ref> [[dissociative|dissociatives]], [[Entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="NikolovaDanchev2014">{{cite journal|last1=Nikolova|first1=I.|last2=Danchev|first2=N.|title=Piperazine Based Substances of Abuse: A new Party Pills on Bulgarian Drug Market|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|volume=22|issue=2|year=2014|pages=652–655|issn=1310-2818|doi=10.1080/13102818.2008.10817529}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Yeap, C. W.)), ((Bian, C. K.)), ((Abdullah, A. F. L.)) | journal=Health and the Environment Journal | title=A Review on Benzylpiperazine and Trifluoromethylphenypiperazine: Origins, Effects, Prevalence and Legal Status | volume=1 | issue=2 | pages=38–50 | date= 2010}}</ref> and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]]. | ||
===Time compression=== | ===Time compression=== | ||
Time compression is defined as the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it usually would while sober. For example, during this state a person may realize that an entire evening has passed them by in what feels like only a couple of hours. | Time compression is defined as the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it usually would while sober. For example, during this state a person may realize that an entire evening has passed them by in what feels like only a couple of hours. | ||
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This commonly occurs under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulating]] compounds and seems to at least partially stem from the fact that during intense levels of stimulation, people typically become hyper-focused on activities and tasks in a manner which can allow time to pass them by without realizing it. However, the same experience can also occur on [[depressant]] compounds which induce [[amnesia]]. This occurs due to the way in which a person can literally forget everything that has happened while still experiencing the effects of the substance, thus giving the impression that they have suddenly jumped forward in time. | This commonly occurs under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulating]] compounds and seems to at least partially stem from the fact that during intense levels of stimulation, people typically become hyper-focused on activities and tasks in a manner which can allow time to pass them by without realizing it. However, the same experience can also occur on [[depressant]] compounds which induce [[amnesia]]. This occurs due to the way in which a person can literally forget everything that has happened while still experiencing the effects of the substance, thus giving the impression that they have suddenly jumped forward in time. | ||
Time compression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[memory suppression]], [[focus | Time compression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[memory suppression]], [[Focus intensification|focus intensification]], [[stimulation]], and [[amnesia]] in a manner which may lead one into perceiving a disproportionately small number of events considering the amount of time that has actually passed in the real world. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulating]] and/or [[amnesic]] compounds,<ref name="GriffithNutt1975">{{cite journal|last1=Griffith|first1=John D.|last2=Nutt|first2=John G.|last3=Jasinski|first3=Donald R.|title=A comparison of fenfluramine and amphetamine in man|journal=Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics|volume=18|issue=5part1|year=1975|pages=563–570|issn=00099236|doi=10.1002/cpt1975185part1563}}</ref> such as [[dissociatives]],<ref name="CorazzaAssi2013">{{cite journal|last1=Corazza|first1=Ornella|last2=Assi|first2=Sulaf|last3=Schifano|first3=Fabrizio|title=From “Special K” to “Special M”: The Evolution of the Recreational Use of Ketamine and Methoxetamine|journal=CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics|volume=19|issue=6|year=2013|pages=454–460|issn=17555930|doi=10.1111/cns.12063}}</ref> [[entactogen|entactogens]], [[GABAergic|amphetamines]], and [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]]. | ||
===Time reversal=== | ===Time reversal=== | ||
Time reversal is defined as the perception that the events, hallucinations, and experiences that occurred around one's self within the previous several minutes to several hours are spontaneously playing backwards in a manner which is somewhat similar to that of a rewinding VHS tape. During this reversal, the person's cognition and train of thought will typically continue to play forward in a coherent and linear manner while they watch the external environment around them and their body's physical actions play in reverse order. This can either occur in real time, with 5 minutes of time reversal taking approximately 5 minutes to fully rewind, or it can occur in a manner which is sped up, with 5 minutes of time reversal only taking less than a minute. It can reasonably be speculated that the experience of time reversal may potentially occur through a combination of [[internal hallucination|internal hallucinations]] and errors in memory encoding. | Time reversal is defined as the perception that the events, hallucinations, and experiences that occurred around one's self within the previous several minutes to several hours are spontaneously playing backwards in a manner which is somewhat similar to that of a rewinding VHS tape. During this reversal, the person's cognition and train of thought will typically continue to play forward in a coherent and linear manner while they watch the external environment around them and their body's physical actions play in reverse order. This can either occur in real time, with 5 minutes of time reversal taking approximately 5 minutes to fully rewind, or it can occur in a manner which is sped up, with 5 minutes of time reversal only taking less than a minute. It can reasonably be speculated that the experience of time reversal may potentially occur through a combination of [[internal hallucination|internal hallucinations]] and errors in memory encoding. | ||
Time reversal is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[internal hallucination|internal hallucinations]], [[thought loops]], and [[deja vu]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of extremely heavy dosages of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]], and [[deliriant|deliriants]].</onlyinclude> | Time reversal is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[internal hallucination|internal hallucinations]], [[thought loops]], and [[deja vu]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of extremely heavy dosages of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]], and [[deliriant|deliriants]]. | ||
</onlyinclude> | |||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | ||
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{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Time distortion]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | {{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Time distortion]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | ||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Subjective effects index]] | *[[Subjective effects index]] | ||
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*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]] | *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]] | ||
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]] | *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]] | ||
===External links=== | ===External links=== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_motion_perception Slow motion perception (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_motion_perception Slow motion perception (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachypsychia Tachypsychia (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachypsychia Tachypsychia (Wikipedia)] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||