Substituted phenethylamines: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Substituted_phenethylamine.svg|thumb|right|299px||Substitutive structure of a ''phenethylamine'' molecule.]]

'''Substituted phenethylamines''' (also referred to as '''phenethylamines''') are a group of organic compounds that are based upon the [[phenethylamine]] structure. The class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.

Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive substances which belong to a variety of different classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), [[hallucinogens]] (e.g. [[~~DOM~~]]), [[entactogens]] (e.g. [[MDMA]]), appetite suppressants (e.g. phentermine), antidepressants (e.g. [[bupropion]] and phenelzine), among others. Many of these psychoactive compounds exert their pharmacological effects primarily by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter systems; however, there is no mechanism of action or biological target that is common to all members of this subclass.

Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive substances which belong to a variety of different classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), [[hallucinogens]] (e.g. compounds listed in [[PiHKAL]]), [[entactogens]] (e.g. [[MDMA]]), appetite suppressants (e.g. phentermine), antidepressants (e.g. [[bupropion]] and phenelzine), among others.

Many of these psychoactive compounds exert their pharmacological effects primarily by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter systems; however, there is no mechanism of action or biological target that is common to all members of this subclass.

Numerous endogenous compounds – including hormones, monoamine neurotransmitters, and many trace amines (e.g. [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]], tyramine) – are substituted phenethylamines. Several notable recreational drugs, such as [[MDMA]], [[methamphetamine]], and [[cathinone]], are also members of the class. All of the substituted amphetamines and substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines are substituted phenethylamines as well.

Phenethylamines have been identified as the fourth largest category of substances with a total of 102, falling behind [[Cathinone|cathinones]] with 156 substances and [[Cannabinoid|cannabinoids]] with 209 substances, according to a report by the EU Early Warning System.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction)) | date= 2021 | title=European drug report 2021 :trends and developments. | publisher=Publications Office | url=https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2810/725386}}</ref>

==Chemistry==

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{| class="wikitable"

|-

! scope="col" | '''Compound'''

! scope="col" |'''Compound'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R2'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R2'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R3'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R3'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R4'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R4'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R5'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R5'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''RN'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''RN'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''Rβ'''

! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''Rβ'''

! scope="col" | '''Structure'''

! scope="col" |'''Structure'''

|-

|[[Phenethylamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:phenethylamine.svg|200px]]

|-

| [[~~Phenethylamine~~]] || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:~~phenethylamine~~.svg|200px]]

|[[Dopamine]]||H||OH||OH||H||H||H||[[File:Dopamine.svg|200px]]

|-

| [[~~Mescaline~~]] || H || ~~OCH3~~ || ~~OCH3~~ || ~~OCH3~~ || H || H || [[File:~~Mescaline~~.svg|200px]]

|[[Norepinephrine]]||H||OH||OH||H||H||OH||[[File:Norepinephrine.svg|200px]]

|-

| [[~~Escaline~~]] || H || ~~OCH3~~ || ~~OCH2CH3~~ || ~~OCH~~3 || ~~H || H~~ || [[File:~~Escaline~~.svg|200px]]

|[[Epinephrine]]||H||OH||OH||H||CH3||OH||[[File:Epinephrine.svg|200px]]

|-

| [[~~Allylescaline~~]] || H || ~~OCH~~3 || ~~OCH~~2~~CH=~~CH2 ~~|| OCH~~3 || ~~H || H~~ || [[File:~~Allylescaline~~.svg|~~201px~~]]

|[[Salbutamol]]||H||CH2OH||OH||H||CCH3CH3CH3||OH||[[File:Salbutamol.svg|200px]]

|-

| [[Methallylescaline]] || H || OCH3 || OCH2C=CH2CH3 || OCH3 || H || H || [[File:Methallylescaline.svg|200px]]

|[[Mescaline]]||H||OCH3||OCH3||OCH3||H||H||[[File:Mescaline.svg|200px]]

|-

|[[Escaline]]||H||OCH3||OCH2CH3||OCH3||H||H||[[File:Escaline.svg|200px]]

|-

|[[Proscaline]]||H||OCH3||OCH2CH2CH3||OCH3||H||H||[[File:Proscaline.svg|200px]]

|-

|[[Allylescaline]]||H||OCH3||OCH2CH=CH2||OCH3||H||H||[[File:Allylescaline.svg|201px]]

|-

|[[Methallylescaline]]||H||OCH3||OCH2C=CH2CH3||OCH3||H||H||[[File:Methallylescaline.svg|200px]]

|-

|}

==See also==

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Lysergamide]]

*[[Tryptamine]]

*[[Psychedelics]]

*[[PiHKAL]]

==External links==

*[[wikipedia:Substituted phenethylamine|Substituted phenethylamine(Wikipedia)]]

*[[wikipedia:Substituted phenethylamine|Substituted phenethylamine (Wikipedia)]]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_naturally_occurring_phenethylamines List of naturally occurring phenethylamines (Wikipedia)]

*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=142 Phenethylamine (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)]

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[[Category:Chemical class]]

[[Category:Phenethylamine]]

[[Category:Phenethylamine|*]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Information/Substituted phenethylamines}}
 {{For|the eponymous compound|Phenethylamine (compound)}}
 [[File:Substituted_phenethylamine.svg|thumb|right|299px||Substitutive structure of a ''phenethylamine'' molecule.]]
 '''Substituted phenethylamines''' (also referred to as '''phenethylamines''') are a group of organic compounds that are based upon the [[phenethylamine]] structure. The class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.
-Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive substances which belong to a variety of different classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), [[hallucinogens]] (e.g. [[DOM]]), [[entactogens]] (e.g. [[MDMA]]), appetite suppressants (e.g. phentermine), antidepressants (e.g. [[bupropion]] and phenelzine), among others. Many of these psychoactive compounds exert their pharmacological effects primarily by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter systems; however, there is no mechanism of action or biological target that is common to all members of this subclass.
+Many substituted phenethylamines are psychoactive substances which belong to a variety of different classes, including central nervous system stimulants (e.g., amphetamine), [[hallucinogens]] (e.g. compounds listed in [[PiHKAL]]), [[entactogens]] (e.g. [[MDMA]]), appetite suppressants (e.g. phentermine), antidepressants (e.g. [[bupropion]] and phenelzine), among others.
+Many of these psychoactive compounds exert their pharmacological effects primarily by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter systems; however, there is no mechanism of action or biological target that is common to all members of this subclass.
 Numerous endogenous compounds – including hormones, monoamine neurotransmitters, and many trace amines (e.g. [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]], tyramine) – are substituted phenethylamines. Several notable recreational drugs, such as [[MDMA]], [[methamphetamine]], and [[cathinone]], are also members of the class. All of the substituted amphetamines and substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines are substituted phenethylamines as well.
+Phenethylamines have been identified as the fourth largest category of substances with a total of 102, falling behind [[Cathinone|cathinones]] with 156 substances and [[Cannabinoid|cannabinoids]] with 209 substances, according to a report by the EU Early Warning System.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction)) | date= 2021 | title=European drug report 2021 :trends and developments. | publisher=Publications Office | url=https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2810/725386}}</ref>
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 26: / Line 32: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! scope="col" | '''Compound'''
+! scope="col" |'''Compound'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>2</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>2</sub>'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>3</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>3</sub>'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>4</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>4</sub>'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>5</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>5</sub>'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>N</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>N</sub>'''
-! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>β</sub>'''
+! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>β</sub>'''
-! scope="col" | '''Structure'''
+! scope="col" |'''Structure'''
+|-
+|[[Phenethylamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:phenethylamine.svg|200px]]
 |-
-| [[Phenethylamine]] || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:phenethylamine.svg|200px]]
+|[[Dopamine]]||H||OH||OH||H||H||H||[[File:Dopamine.svg|200px]]
 |-
-| [[Mescaline]] || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || [[File:Mescaline.svg|200px]]
+|[[Norepinephrine]]||H||OH||OH||H||H||OH||[[File:Norepinephrine.svg|200px]]
 |-
-| [[Escaline]] || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || [[File:Escaline.svg|200px]]
+|[[Epinephrine]]||H||OH||OH||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||OH||[[File:Epinephrine.svg|200px]]
 |-
-| [[Allylescaline]] || H  || OCH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>2</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub> || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || [[File:Allylescaline.svg|201px]]
+|[[Salbutamol]]||H||CH<sub>2</sub>OH||OH||H||CCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||OH||[[File:Salbutamol.svg|200px]]
 |-
-| [[Methallylescaline]] || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || [[File:Methallylescaline.svg|200px]]
+|[[Mescaline]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:Mescaline.svg|200px]]
+|-
+|[[Escaline]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:Escaline.svg|200px]]
+|-
+|[[Proscaline]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:Proscaline.svg|200px]]
+|-
+|[[Allylescaline]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>2</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:Allylescaline.svg|201px]]
+|-
+|[[Methallylescaline]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:Methallylescaline.svg|200px]]
 |-
 |}
 ==See also==
 *[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Lysergamide]]
 *[[Tryptamine]]
 *[[Psychedelics]]
-*[[PiHKAL]]
 ==External links==
-*[[wikipedia:Substituted phenethylamine|Substituted phenethylamine(Wikipedia)]]
+*[[wikipedia:Substituted phenethylamine|Substituted phenethylamine (Wikipedia)]]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_naturally_occurring_phenethylamines List of naturally occurring phenethylamines (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=142 Phenethylamine (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
@@ Line 63: / Line 80: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Chemical class]]
-[[Category:Phenethylamine]]
+[[Category:Phenethylamine|*]]
+{{#set:Featured=true}}