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DOM: Difference between revisions
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'''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOM''' and '''STP''' or '''"Serenity, Tranquility and Peace"''') is a | '''2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine''' (also known as '''DOM''' and '''STP''' or '''"Serenity, Tranquility and Peace"''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::Substituted amphetamine|amphetamine]] class. DOM is a member of the [[DOx]] family of compounds which are known for their high potency, long duration, and mixture of [[psychedelic]] and [[stimulant]] effects. It produces its effects by acting on [[serotonin]] receptors in the brain. | ||
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by [[Alexander Shulgin | DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by [[Alexander Shulgin]].<ref name="DOM">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|pages=53-56}}</ref> It attained some popularity during the summer of 1967 under the name "STP" ("Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace"),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Berkeley, B.)) | journal=Independent Voices | title=STP’s faster, here’s why | pages=3–5 | date=16 April 1967 | url=http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFBJFGD19670616.1.3}}</ref> but its use was short-lived due to its side effects. In 1991, the synthesis and pharmacology of DOM was published in Shulgin's book ''[[PiHKAL]]'' ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved").<ref name="PiHKAL">{{Citation | title=Erowid Online Books : “PIHKAL” - The Chemical Story | url=https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml}}</ref>. | ||
Over the years, DOM has gained a reputation for being a highly dose-sensitive psychedelic that is often sold on blotting paper and known for its strong visuals, body load and neutral, analytical headspace. Many reports also indicate that the effects of this chemical may be overly difficult to use for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics. | Over the years, DOM has gained a reputation for being a highly dose-sensitive psychedelic that is often sold on blotting paper and known for its strong visuals, body load and neutral, analytical headspace. Many reports also indicate that the effects of this chemical may be overly difficult to use for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics. | ||
==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating the effect of 4-position substitutions on psychedelic amphetamines.<ref name="DOM" /> | DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating the effect of 4-position substitutions on psychedelic amphetamines.<ref name="DOM" /> DOM is part of the so-called "magical half-dozen" which refers to Shulgin's self-rated most important phenethylamine compounds, all of which except [[mescaline]] he developed and synthesized himself. They are found within the first book of [[PiHKAL]] and are as follows: [[Mescaline]], DOM, [[2C-B]], [[2C-E]], [[2C-T-2]] and [[2C-T-7]]. | ||
In mid-1967, tablets containing 20 mg (later 10 mg) of DOM were widely distributed in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco under the name of "STP" (short for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace").{{citation needed}} | In mid-1967, tablets containing 20 mg (later 10 mg) of DOM were widely distributed in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco under the name of "STP" (short for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace").{{citation needed}} This short-lived appearance of DOM on the black market proved disastrous for several reasons. First, the tablets contained an excessively high dose of the chemical. This, combined with DOM’s slow onset of action (which encouraged some users, familiar with substances that have quicker onsets, such as LSD, to re-dose) and its remarkably long duration, caused many users to panic and sent some to the emergency room. Second, treatment of such overdoses was complicated by the fact that it was unknown at the time that the tablets called "STP" were DOM.{{citation needed}} | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
DOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a molecule of the [[substituted amphetamine]] class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R<sub>α</sub>. DOM contains methoxy functional groups (OCH<sub>3</sub>) attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. | DOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a molecule of the [[substituted amphetamine]] class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R<sub>α</sub>. DOM contains methoxy functional groups (OCH<sub>3</sub>) attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> and a methyl group attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. DOM is the amphetamine analogue of the phenethylamine [[2C-D]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation | title=#62 DOB PiHKAL | url=http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=62}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title=#68 DOM PiHKAL | url=http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=68}}</ref> | ||
This is one of the last of the experimental compounds within the phenethylamine family on which any animal toxicity studies were performed prior to human studies. The <abbr>LD50</abbr> of DOM is between 100 - 125 mg/kg for a mouse. An effective dose in a human of 2 mg (for an 80 kg man) is equivalent to 25 μg/kg. | |||
As with DOI, the presence of a heavy atom, the bromine atom, in DOB makes the radioactive isotope labelled material a powerful research tool.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}} | {{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}} | ||
DOM is a selective [[Serotonin#The 5-HT System|5-HT<sub> | DOM is a selective [[agonist|partial agonist]] at the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT System|5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor]] family. Its psychedelic effects are mediated by its [[agonist]]ic properties at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptors, but less so on the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor. Due to its selectivity, DOM is often used in scientific research when studying the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT System|5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor]] subfamily. DOM is a [[Chirality|chiral]] molecule, and ''R''-(-)-DOM is the more active [[enantiomer]], functioning as a potent agonist of the serotonin family of receptors (mainly of the 5-HT<sub>2</sub> subtype).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sanders-Bush, E.)), ((Burris, K. D.)), ((Knoth, K.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine are partial agonists at serotonin receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis | volume=246 | issue=3 | pages=924–928 | date= September 1988 | issn=0022-3565}}</ref> However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive. | ||
DOM is | The 2,6-dimethoxy positional isomer of DOM, known as Ψ-DOM, is also mentioned in ''PiHKAL'' as being active, as is the alpha-ethyl homologue Ariadne. Analogues where the methoxy groups at the 2,5- positions of the aromatic ring have been altered have also been synthesised and tested as part of an effort to identify the binding mode of DOM at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor. Both the 2- and 5- O-desmethyl derivatives 2-DM-DOM and 5-DM-DOM, and the 2- and 5- ethyl analogues 2-Et-DOM and 5-Et-DOM have been tested, but in all cases were significantly less potent than the corresponding methoxy compound, showing the importance of the oxygen lone pairs in 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> binding.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Eckler, J. R.)), ((Chang-Fong, J.)), ((Rabin, R. A.)), ((Smith, C.)), ((Teitler, M.)), ((Glennon, R. A.)), ((Winter, J. C.)) | journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior | title=Behavioral characterization of 2-O-desmethyl and 5-O-desmethyl metabolites of the phenylethylamine hallucinogen DOM | volume=75 | issue=4 | pages=845–852 | date= July 2003 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S009130570300159X | issn=00913057 | doi=10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00159-X}}</ref> | ||
There is a strong implication that some metabolic conversion occurs in the lung, and it is only after this that the truly active metabolite is available for central action. This is consistent with the relatively slow onset of effect, and the very long duration of action.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
User reports suggest that DOM is relatively clear-headed and absent of side-effects in comparison to [[DOC]] or [[DOB]]. | |||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | {{effects/base | ||
|{{effects/physical| | |{{effects/physical| | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, DOM is usually considered to be mildly stimulating at levels which do not become overwhelming, encouraging users to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, it is more stimulating than psychedelics like [[psilocin]], but less stimulating than most compounds of the [[DOx]] family. | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, DOM is usually considered to be mildly stimulating at levels which do not become overwhelming, encouraging users to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, it is more stimulating than psychedelics like [[psilocin]], but less stimulating than most compounds of the [[DOx]] family. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous | *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of DOM is reported to be somewhat intense in comparison to most classical [[psychedelics]]. However, in comparison to [[DOC]] and the overwhelming forcefulness of [[2C-E]], it can be considered relatively mild and natural in feel. The sensation itself can be described as a constantly present yet somewhat mild energetic pins and needles sensation that encompasses one's entire body. This is coupled with a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. It is usually felt over every square inch of the skin, but occasionally manifests itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body in spontaneous waves. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most DOM experiences. If [[Level 8A]] visuals are reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present. | *'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most DOM experiences. If [[Level 8A]] visuals are reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Bodily pressures]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Bodily pressures]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - | *'''[[Effect::Muscle cramps]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Mild to extreme nausea is typically reported at moderate to high dosages and either passes once the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - This effect is usually only present at higher dosages, but can be particularly uncomfortable and persistent. | *'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - This effect is usually only present at higher dosages, but can be particularly uncomfortable and persistent. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased salivation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased salivation]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{effects/visual| | {{effects/visual| | ||
Reports describe DOM as having less pronounced visuals proportional to it's accompanying physical and mental effects at low to moderate dosages. Higher ones do tend to display a unique set of visual effects which is not found with similar substances. | |||
====Enhancements==== | ====Enhancements==== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement|Acuity enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement|Acuity enhancement]]''' | ||
| Line 70: | Line 67: | ||
====Distortions==== | ====Distortions==== | ||
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]] and [[Drifting#morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style. | *'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]] and [[Drifting#morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Tracers]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::After images]]''' | *'''[[Effect::After images]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect:: | *'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect:: | *'''[[Effect::Diffraction]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]''' | ||
====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ====[[Effect::Geometry]]==== | ||
The visual geometry | The visual geometry of DOM is described as being very unique and may share some similarity with [[2C-D]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Geometry#Variations|variations]] as intricate in style, equally algorithmic and abstract in form, equally synthetic and organic in style, structured in organization, brightly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. Higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8A Geometry|level 8A]] visual geometry over [[8B Geometry|level 8B]]. | ||
====Hallucinatory states==== | ====Hallucinatory states==== | ||
DOM produces a full range of high-level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s | DOM produces a full range of high-level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more or less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects include: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Transformations]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[LSD]], DOM is extremely high in its internal hallucinations. This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They can be comprehensively described in terms of their [[Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and [[Effect::geometry]]-based in appearance. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme. | *'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[LSD]], DOM is extremely high in its internal hallucinations when approaching higher dosages. This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They can be comprehensively described in terms of their [[Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and [[Effect::geometry]]-based in appearance. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme. | ||
}} | }} | ||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |{{effects/cognitive| | ||
The cognitive effects of DOM are described by many as a combination of | The cognitive effects of DOM are described by many as a combination of prominent mental stimulation and a powerful enhancement of a person's current mental state. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' | ||
| Line 96: | Line 95: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' | ||
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]''' | **'''[[Effect::Ego death]]''' - While DOM is technically able to produce states of ego dissolution, it tends to more often than not develop only in extremely high doses, with grave physical and mental side effects being apparent and is often of a terrifying nature. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' | ||
| Line 119: | Line 117: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{effects/transpersonal| | {{effects/transpersonal| | ||
Transpersonal states on DOM are reported to occur less reliably and consistently than classical psychedelics. This can perhaps be attributed its the prominent physical and stimulating effects, which tends to interfere with the user's ability to fully immerse themselves in the experience. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' | ||
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{{#ask: [[Category:DOM]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | {{#ask: [[Category:DOM]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | ||
Additional experience reports can be found here: | Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_DOM.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: DOM] | |||
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_DOM.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: DOM] | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}} | {{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}} | ||
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]] | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. | ||
Anecdotal evidence | Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
DOM is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating. | DOM is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating. | ||
Tolerance to the effects of DOM | Tolerance to the effects of DOM is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOM presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DOM all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. | ||
===Overdose=== | |||
{{DOxOD}} | |||
===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., | *'''[[DangerousInteraction::Lithium]]''':<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Nayak, S.)), ((Gukasyan, N.)), ((Barrett, F. S.)), ((Erowid, E.)), ((Erowid, F.)), ((Griffiths, R. R.)) | year=2021 | title=Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures: an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports | publisher=PsyArXiv | url=https://osf.io/r726d}}</ref> Lithium is commonly prescribed in the treatment of bipolar disorder; however, there is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics can significantly increase the risk of [[psychosis]] and [[seizures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=83935|title=A Nice Little Trip to the Hospital: Lithium & LSD|author=<nowiki>"wanderlei"</nowiki>|publisher=Erowid|publication-date=October 3, 2010|access-date=January 7, 2020|id=ExpID: 83935|work=Erowid Experience Vaults}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=75153|title=Having a Seizure and Passing Out: Lithium & LSD|author=<nowiki>"MissDja1a"</nowiki>|publisher=Erowid|publication-date=December 16, 2008|access-date=January 7, 2020|id=ExpID: 75153|work=Erowid Experience Vaults}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Psychonaut/comments/17uspp/please_read_a_cautionary_tale_concerning_lsd|title=Please Read: a cautionary tale concerning LSD|author=<nowiki>"throwaway_naut"</nowiki>|publisher=Reddit|work=r/Psychonaut|year=2014|access-date=January 7, 2020}}</ref> As a result, this combination should be '''strictly avoided'''. | ||
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}} | *'''[[[[UnsafeInteraction::Tramadol|Tramadol]]]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Talaie, H.)), ((Panahandeh, R.)), ((Fayaznouri, M. R.)), ((Asadi, Z.)), ((Abdollahi, M.)) | journal=Journal of Medical Toxicology | title=Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=63–67 | date= June 2009 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF03161089 | issn=1556-9039 | doi=10.1007/BF03161089}}</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''[[[[UncertainInteraction::Stimulants|Stimulants]]]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}} | |||
==Legal status== | |||
== | Internationally, mescaline is part of the the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 as a Schedule I substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/attachments/10451/convention_1971_en.pdf|title=CONVENTION ON PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 1971|publisher=United Nations|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> | ||
*'''Austria | *'''Australia''': Australia has a blanket ban over all substituted phenethylamines including the entire [[DOx]] family.<ref>New Psychoactive Substances (National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre 2014) | https://comorbidity.edu.au/sites/default/files/cre/page/New%20Psychoactive%20Substances.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''Brazil''' | *'''Austria''': DOM is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Belgium:''' DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{ | *'''Brazil''': Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 as "STP".<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''Belgium''': DOM is a Schedule I drug.<ref>https://www.wiv-isp.be/epidemio/epien/birn/EWS03.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''Latvia | *'''Canada''': DOM is a Schedule I drug.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-13.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''New Zealand | *'''Germany''': DOM is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I), former: Opiumgesetz (Opium Act) as of April 15, 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=//*%5B@attr_id=%27bgbl171s0315.pdf%27%5D#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl171s0315.pdf%27%5D__1576103284216|title=Fünfte Verordnung über die den Betäubungsmitteln gleichgestellten Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html|title=Anlage I BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Switzerland | *'''Latvia''': DOM is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | title=Zaudējis spēku - Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem | url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom | *'''New Zealand''': DOM is a Class A drug.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United States | *'''Switzerland''': DOM is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': DOM is a Class A drug.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2#commentary-M_F_83d9b65b-d638-43b1-ea64-c129d6f1ef0a}}</ref> | |||
*'''United States''': DOM is a Schedule I drug.{{citation needed}} | |||
*'''Czech Republic''': DOM is a Schedule I drug.<ref>{{Citation | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Psychedelics]] | *[[Psychedelics]] | ||
| Line 173: | Line 182: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DOM (Wikipedia)] | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DOM (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dom/dom.shtml DOM (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dom/dom.shtml DOM (Erowid Vault)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=68 DOM (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=68 DOM (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)] | ||
=== | ===Discussion=== | ||
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/291980-The-Big-amp-Dandy-DOM-Thread DOM (Bluelight)] | |||
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/291980-The-Big-amp-Dandy-DOM-Thread The Big & Dandy DOM Thread (Bluelight)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Psychedelic]] | [[Category:Psychedelic]] | ||
[[Category:DOx]] | |||
{{#set:Featured=true | {{#set:Featured=true | ||
|RN= | |RN= | ||