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| | {{SubstanceBox/Amitriptyline}}'''Amitriptyline''' (trade name '''Elavil''' or '''Vanatrip''') is a [[Antidepressants#Tricyclics|tricyclic antidepressant]] drug used to treat depression, chronic neuropathic pain and migraines. It was the second known antidepressant and developed by the American pharmaceutical company [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_%26_Co. Merck] in the late 1950s. Amitriptyline is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Due to the frequency and prominence of side effects, amitriptyline is generally considered a second-line medication. |
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| Amitriptyline
| | It is also rarely abused at strong and high doses for euphoric and sedative effects, though there is almost no information about its effects as a recreational drug |
| Chemical Nomenclature
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| Common names
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| common name::Amitriptyline, Amitrip, Amitryptaline
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| Systematic name
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| (5α,6α)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol
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| Class Membership
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| Psychoactive class
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| Psychoactive class::Antidepressant
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| Chemical class
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| Chemical class::Tricyclic antidepressants
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| Routes of Administration
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| WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
| | ==History and culture== |
| | In the 1950s the pharmaceutical company [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_%26_Co. Merck] proposed clinical trials to use amitriptyline as a treatment for schizophrenia, researcher Frank Ayd instead suggested that the medication be used as an antidepressant. Ayd treated 130 patients with amitriptyline and reported that it had similar qualities to [[imipramine]], the first and only tricyclic antidepressant. It was approved for treatment of depression by the FDA in 1961. |
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| ⇣ Oral
| | Pharmaceutical companies [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann-La_Roche Roche] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundbeck Lundbeck] were also able to create patents on the drug thanks to a quirk of the patent law in the EU at the time allowing patents only on the chemical synthesis, but not on the drug itself. |
| Dosage
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| Threshold
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| Oral threshold dose::10
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| Oral dose units::mg
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| Light
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| Oral min light dose::10
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| -
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| Oral max light dose::20
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| mg
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| Common
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| Oral min common dose::20
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| -
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| Oral max common dose::50
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| mg
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| Strong
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| Oral min strong dose::50
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| -
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| Oral max strong dose::100
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| mg
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| Heavy
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| Oral heavy dose::150
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| mg
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| Duration
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| Total
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| Oral min total time::
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| - | |
| Oral max total time::
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| Oral total time units::hours
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| Onset
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| Oral min onset time::
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| -
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| Oral max onset time::
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| Oral onset time units::minutes
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| Come up
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| Oral min comeup time::
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| -
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| Oral max comeup time::
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| Oral comeup time units::hours
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| Peak
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| Oral min peak time::
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| -
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| Oral max peak time::
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| Oral peak time units::hours
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| Offset
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| Oral min offset time::
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| -
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| Oral max offset time::
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| Oral offset time units::hours
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| DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
| | The drug quickly surpassed its predecessor, [[imipramine]], because of its stronger anxiolytic effect and a campaign by the Merck company, raising awareness of depression as a clinical issue. Between 1998 and 2017 amitriptyline was the most prescribed antidepressant for 11-17 year olds in England |
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| Interactions
| | ==Chemistry== |
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| Amitriptyline (trade name Elavil or Vanatrip) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug used to treat depression, chronic neuropathic pain and migraines. It was first developed by the American pharmaceutical company Merck in the late 1950s. Amitriptyline is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Due to the frequency and prominence of side effects, amitriptyline is generally considered a second-line medication.
| | ==Pharmacology== |
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| History and culture
| | ==Subjective Effects== |
| | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} |
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| In the 1950s the pharmaceutical company Merck proposed clinical trials to use amitriptyline as a treatment for schizophrenia, researcher Frank Ayd instead suggested that the medication be used as an antidepressant. Ayd treated 130 patients with amitriptyline and reported that it had similar qualities to imipramine, the first and only tricyclic antidepressant. It was approved for treatment of depression by the FDA in 1961.
| | ==Toxicity and harm potential== |
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| Pharmaceutical companies Roche and Lundbeck were also able to create patents on the drug thanks to a quirk of the patent law in the EU at the time allowing patents only on the chemical synthesis, but not on the drug itself.
| | ==See also== |
| | <br /> |
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| The drug quickly surpassed its predecessor, imipramine, because of its stronger anxiolytic effect and a campaign by the Merck company, raising awareness of depression as a clinical issue. Between 1998 and 2017 amitryptaline was the most prescribed antidepressant for 11-17 year olds in England
| | ==External links== |
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| Chemistry
| | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitriptyline Amitriptyline (Wikipedia)] |
| | *[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00321 Amitriptyline (DrugBank)] |
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| Pharmacology
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| Subjective Effects
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| Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
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| It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
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| Toxicity and harm potential
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| See also
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| External links
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| Amitriptyline (Wikipedia)
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| Amitriptyline (DrugBank)
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