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'''4F-MPH''' ('''4'-fluoro-methylphenidate''') is an [[entactogenic]] [[stimulant]], [[substituted phenethylamine]], [[piperidine]], and close analog of [[methylphenidate]] (ritalin). The two substances have very similar pharmacological mechanisms but distinctively different subjective effects as ethylphenidate can be considered as significantly more euphoric and recreational in its experience. It also acts as a higher efficiency dopamine reuptake inhibitor than the closely related methylphenidate.<ref>Synthesis and pharmacology of potential cocaine antagonists. 2. Structure-activity relationship studies of aromatic ring-substituted methylphenidate analogs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8632426</ref><ref>Biochemical and behavioral characterization of novel methylphenidate analogs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11961053</ref><ref>Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026075</ref><ref>Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846865</ref>[5].


4F-MPH has little to no history of human usage prior to its distribution online through research chemical vendors. It was initially developed as replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom as of Friday 10th April 2015 due to a temporary blanket ban. Annecdotal reports are suggesting that it is considerably more potent with fewer uncomfortable side effects such as [[anxiety]], [[muscle spasms]] and [[compulsive redosing]].<ref>http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH)</ref>
'''4-Fluoromethylphenidate''' (commonly known as '''4F-MPH''') is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] class that produces long-lasting [[Euphoria|euphoriant]], and [[stimulant|stimulating]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is a closely related structural analog of the commonly prescribed ADHD drug [[methylphenidate]] (known by the brand-names ''Ritalin'' and ''Concerta'').
 
The two substances are believed to have very similar pharmacological mechanisms as [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitors]] but have been reported to display distinctive [[subjective effects index|subjective effects]], with 4F-MPH being considered significantly more euphoric and recreational. Anecdotal reports suggest that it is considerably more potent with fewer uncomfortable side effects such as [[anxiety]], [[muscle spasms]] and [[compulsive redosing]].<ref>http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH)</ref> This perhaps owes to the fact that it has been shown to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] reuptake inhibitor than the parent compound methylphenidate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and Pharmacology of Potential Cocaine Antagonists. 2. Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Aromatic Ring-Substituted Methylphenidate Analogs | volume=39 | issue=6 | pages=1201–1209 | date=15 March 1996 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950697c | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm950697c}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Massey, A. T.)), ((Holtzman, S. G.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Biochemical and behavioral characterization of novel methylphenidate analogs | volume=301 | issue=2 | pages=527–535 | date= May 2002 | issn=0022-3565 | doi=10.1124/jpet.301.2.527}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Davies, H. M. L.)), ((Hopper, D. W.)), ((Hansen, T.)), ((Liu, Q.)), ((Childers, S. R.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | volume=14 | issue=7 | pages=1799–1802 | date=5 April 2004 | issn=0960-894X | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.097}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Misra, M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Ye, X.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Bu, W.)), ((Liu, Z.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Venanzi, C. A.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | title=Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs | volume=18 | issue=20 | pages=7221–7238 | date=15 October 2010 | issn=1464-3391 | doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.034}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Singh, S.)) | journal=Chemical Reviews | title=Chemistry, Design, and Structure−Activity Relationship of Cocaine Antagonists | volume=100 | issue=3 | pages=925–1024 | date=1 March 2000 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9700538 | issn=0009-2665 | doi=10.1021/cr9700538}}</ref>
 
4F-MPH has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]]. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom on April 2015 following a temporary blanket ban. Shortly after, it became available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution.
 
Due to its potent, long-lasting stimulant effect, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
{{chemistry}}
4F-MPH is a synthetic molecule of the [[substituted phenethylamine]] and [[substituted phenidate]] classes, and a fluorinated analog of [[methylphenidate]]. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino -NH2 group through an ethyl chain. It is structurally similar to [[amphetamine]], featuring a substitution at R<sub>α</sub> which is incorporated into a [[piperidine]] ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains a methyl acetate bound to R<sub>β</sub> or its structure. 4F-MPH is structurally identical to methylphenidate with the exception of a single fluorine atom bound to the four position on the phenethylamine core.
 
With respect to nomenclature, the methyl- in [[methylphenidate]] regards the side chain of one carbon atom, while phen- indicates the phenyl ring. Id- is contracted from a [[piperidine]] ring, and -ate indicates the acetate group containing the oxygen atoms. Like its parent molecule, 4F-MPH is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture.


Of note is the scientific finding that [[amphetamine]] analogs containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine and methyl groups are typically stronger than those without.{{Citation needed}}
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Although it has not been formally studied, 4F-MPH likely acts as a [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
{{Stub}}
4F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.  
 
According to a pharmacological evaluation, the ''(±)-threo'' isomer of 4F-MPH is 2.15 times more effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition, and 2.7 times more at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, than its parent compound methylphenidate. The ''(±)-erythro'' isomer, however, is 65 times less effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition and 45.6 times less effective at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition than methylphenidate. Neither racemate of 4F-MPH has a significant impact on serotonin reuptake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((McLaughlin, G.)), ((Morris, N.)), ((Kavanagh, P. V.)), ((Power, J. D.)), ((Dowling, G.)), ((Twamley, B.)), ((O’Brien, J.)), ((Hessman, G.)), ((Murphy, B.)), ((Walther, D.)), ((Partilla, J. S.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) and differentiation between the (±)- threo and (±)- erythro diastereomers: Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=347–357 | date= March 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2167 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2167}}</ref>


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{effects/base
 
|{{effects/physical|


===Physical effects===
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - 4F-MPH is usually reported to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of [[amphetamine]] or [[methamphetamine]] and stronger than that of [[methylphenidate]], [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity but at higher dosages it can encourage physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which 4F-MPH presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control. This style of stimulation is extremely similar to [[methylphenidate]].
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, 4F-MPH is usually considered to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of [[amphetamine]] or [[methamphetamine]] and stronger than that of [[modafinil]] and [[caffeine]]. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity, but at higher dosages, it encourages physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which ethylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - May occur at higher doses, although tends to fade after a short period.
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - Norepinephrine reuptake inhibition causes the sympathetic nervous system to constrict vessels and puts severe strain on the cardiovascular system with prolonged use.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' - This effect is reported to be less intense than [[amphetamine]] and [[methylphenidate]].  
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - Higher doses of 4F-MPH can increase sexual desire, although this enhancement is reported to be less intense and reliable than amphetamines and cocaine however stronger than normal methylphenidate.
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - May occur at higher doses, although tends to fade after a short period.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]''' - This component can occur during the offset of this compound as a rebound effect which is usually equal in its intensity to the enhancements which occurred before it.
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|


===Cognitive effects===
Many users of this compound have reported positive, functional cognitive effects associated with the therapeutic aspect of traditional stimulants. This may owe to its similarities to [[methylphenidate]], in which these effects have been well-studied.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Anxiety with 4F-MPH is reported to be stronger and more common than that of other commonly used stimulants like [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]]. Similar to the closely related compound [[methylphenidate]].
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]''' - The euphoric rush associated with 4F-MPH use (as result of [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibition]]) is very short-lived and compulsive, similar to that of [[cocaine]].Although this rush is considered to be less reliably produced and intense than that of [[methamphetamine]].
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Compulsive redosing is reported but with less frequency than other common stimulants such as [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], however at high or non-orally administered doses it is reported to be more common than the closely related compound [[methylphenidate]]. It is recommended to dose orally or set a limit to avoid using more than needed.
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - This component has been reported as being more prominent than with other stimulants, and is in-line with the noted emotion-suppressing effects that have been observed with other stimulants, but particularly [[methylphenidate]] and related compounds.
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - This component is most effective at low to moderate dosages as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - This component is most effective at low to moderate dosages as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love and sociability enhancement]]''' - These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are much stronger than that of [[methylphenidate]]. They are a little weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as [[MDMA]] but still prove stronger and more consistent than many other [[stimulants]] of this class. This is capable of providing long-lasting therapeutic effects.
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - This can be described as the experience of time speeding up and passing much quicker than it usually would when sober.  
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]''' - The euphoric rush associated with ethylphenidate use, as result of [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibition]], is very short-lived and compulsive, similarly to that of [[cocaine]].
*'''[[Effect::Memory enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]''' - This component can occur during the offset of this compound as a rebound effect which is usually equal in its intensity to the enhancements which occurred before it.
*'''[[Effect::Suggestibility suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought organization]]''' - This component has been reported as being more prominent than with other stimulants, which has led some users to adopt it for productive or functional purposes rather than hedonic ones.
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
 
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
 
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_4Fluoromethylphenidate.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 4-Fluoromethylphenidate]


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4F-MPH use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 4F-MPH is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 4F-MPH suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses or using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
{{toxicity}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4F-MPH use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 4F-MPH is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 4F-MPH suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com Independent research]should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  


It is worth noting that 4F-MPH crystals are particularly abrasive and somewhat caustic to mucous membranes. Careless use will deteriorate the chosen [[routes of administration]] so it is important to practice routine maintenance such as soaking the sinus cavity with water prior to and following insufflation.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
In terms of its tolerance, 4F-MPH can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time, but acute tolerance does exist and builds up gradually over repeated extended use. This results in the user requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the same effects. Tolerance is reported to build quicker than [[methylphenidate]].  
In terms of its tolerance, 4F-MPH can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time, but acute tolerance does exist and builds up gradually over repeated extended use. This results in the user requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the same effects.


4F-MPH has potential for abuse on par with that of [[amphetamine]] or [[MDMA]] due to its lack of significant tolerance, euphoric effects and action upon [[dopamine]] transporters. In comparison, the abuse and addiction potential of [[methylphenidate]] is considered as significantly lower than other dopaminergic [[stimulants]].
4F-MPH has potential for abuse on par with that of [[amphetamine]] or [[MDMA]] due to its lack of significant tolerance, euphoric effects and action upon [[dopamine]] transporters.


It is worth noting that the addiction potential is increased when 4F-MPH is crushed and [[Routes_of_administration#Insufflation|insufflated]] (snorted) or [[Routes_of_administration#Intravenous|injected]].
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=4F-MPH}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=4F-MPH}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination will increase strain on the heart.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
4F-MPH is not yet controlled internationally and remains freely available through the use of online research chemical vendors. This means that it is not known to be specifically illegal within any country, but people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.
{{legalStub}}
 
*'''Germany''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate was controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref>, but has been accidentally legalized in September 2022. It is considered to be legal again.
*'''Italy''': 4F-MPH is a schedule I substance and is illegal to possess, produce, sell and buy.
*'''Switzerland''': 4F-MPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''The Netherlands:''' 4F-MPH is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 4F-MPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate is a class B drug in the UK as of 31st May 2017 and is illegal to possess, produce or supply. <ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/634/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': 4-Fluromethylphenidate is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Alabama.<ref>{{Citation | title=Alabama SB333, 2014, Regular Session | url=https://legiscan.com/AL/text/SB333/id/988417}}</ref>
 
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Stimulant]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Ethylphenidate]]
*[[4F-EPH]]
*[[Stimulant]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Fluoromethylphenidate 4F-MPH (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Fluoromethylphenidate 4F-MPH (Wikipedia)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=630 4F-MPH (Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH) 4F-MPH (Bluelight)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH) 4F-MPH (Bluelight)]
*
*[https://www.ukchemicalresearch.org/Thread-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-4F-MPH 4F-MPH (UK Chemical Research)]
 
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substances]]
 
[[Category:Piperidine]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Phenidate]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/4F-MPH"