Deschloroketamine: Difference between revisions

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'''2'-Oxo-PCM''' (also known as '''deschloroketamine''', '''O-PCM''', '''DXE''', and '''DCK''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[dissociative]], [[pain relief|anesthetic]] and [[hallucinogenic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].<ref name="name">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Robins, E. G.)), ((Zhao, Y.)), ((Khan, I.)), ((Wilson, A.)), ((Luthra, S. K.)), ((Rstad, E.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET | volume=20 | issue=5 | pages=1749–1751 | date=1 March 2010 | issn=1464-3405 | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.052}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Citation | vauthors=((Stevens, C. L.)) | title=Aminoketones and methods for their production | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3254124/en}}</ref>

Early discussion over DCK has revolved around speculation over claims of antibacterial or immunosuppressant properties. If this speculation is valid, it is possible that its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system, which is why misuse of this substance is highly discouraged.<ref name="DCKAntibacterial">{{Citation | vauthors=((Preiss, D.)), ((Tatar, A.)) | title=Use of 2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, virus or protozoan infections as well as for immunomodulation | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5811464/en}}</ref> Ketamine has been found to have similar properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gocmen, S.)), ((Buyukkocak, U.)), ((Caglayan, O.)) | journal=Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences | title=In vitro investigation of the antibacterial effect of ketamine | volume=113 | issue=1 | pages=39–46 | date= 2008 | issn=2000-1967 | doi=10.3109/2000-1967-211}}</ref>

Early discussion over DCK has revolved around speculation over claims of antibacterial or immunosuppressant properties. If this speculation is valid, it is possible that its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system, which along with bladder and urinary tract problems is why misuse of this substance is highly discouraged.<ref name="DCKAntibacterial">{{Citation | vauthors=((Preiss, D.)), ((Tatar, A.)) | title=Use of 2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, virus or protozoan infections as well as for immunomodulation | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5811464/en}}</ref> Ketamine has been found to have similar properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gocmen, S.)), ((Buyukkocak, U.)), ((Caglayan, O.)) | journal=Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences | title=In vitro investigation of the antibacterial effect of ketamine | volume=113 | issue=1 | pages=39–46 | date= 2008 | issn=2000-1967 | doi=10.3109/2000-1967-211}}</ref>

DCK has become easily accessible through online [[research chemical]] vendors<ref name="name" /> where it is being sold as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Frison, G.)), ((Zamengo, L.)), ((Zancanaro, F.)), ((Tisato, F.)), ((Traldi, P.)) | journal=Rapid communications in mass spectrometry: RCM | title=Characterization of the designer drug deschloroketamine (2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, multistage mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance | volume=30 | issue=1 | pages=151–160 | date=15 January 2016 | issn=1097-0231 | doi=10.1002/rcm.7425}}</ref><ref>Alert: descloroketamina sold as ketamine in Barcelona | http://energycontrol.org/analisis-de-sustancias/resultados/alertas/560-alerta-descloroketamina-vendida-como-ketamina-en-barcelona.html</ref><ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Villalba, J.)) | year=2015 | title=Los efectos desconocidos de la sequía de ketamina | url=https://www.vice.com/es/article/9b7yvp/los-efectos-desconocidos-de-la-sequia-de-ketamina-719}}</ref>

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==Pharmacology==

Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding ~~the~~ pharmacology ~~of it~~ is purely based on its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[arylcyclohexylamine]] [[dissociative]]s such as [[3-MeO-PCP]], [[PCP]] and [[MXE]]. With this in mind, DCK is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. NMDA receptors, a type of [[glutamate]] receptor, allow for excitatory electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inactivate the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to the general loss of bodily sensation, motor coordination, memory recall and eventually this substance's equivalent of the “[[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|k-hole]].”

Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding its pharmacology is purely based on its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[arylcyclohexylamine]] [[dissociative]]s such as [[3-MeO-PCP]], [[PCP]] and [[MXE]]. With this in mind, DCK is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. NMDA receptors, a type of [[glutamate]] receptor, allow for excitatory electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inactivate the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to the general loss of bodily sensation, motor coordination, memory recall and eventually this substance's equivalent of the “[[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|k-hole]].”

==Subjective effects==

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*'''Switzerland:''' Deschloroketamine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' Deschloroketamine is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As an N-alkyl derivative of 2-Amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made}}</ref>

*'''Czech Republic:''' Deschloroketamine is ~~illegal~~ in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=(([email protected], A. C.-)) | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref>

*'''Czech Republic:''' Deschloroketamine is legal in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=(([email protected], A. C.-)) | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref>

*'''Austria:''' Deschloroketamine is illegal in Austria under the NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung).<ref>{{Citation | title=RIS - Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung - Bundesrecht konsolidiert, Fassung vom 21.07.2022 | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642}}</ref>

*'''Netherlands:''' Deschloroketamine can be legally bought as it is not covered by the 1st of July 2025 'blanket ban' ''Nieuwe Psychoactieve Stoffen'' (NPS).<ref>https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2025/07/01/lijst-verboden-nieuwe-psychoactieve-stoffen-nps-per-1-juli-2025</ref>

==See also==

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[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]]

[[Category:Research chemical]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''2'-Oxo-PCM''' (also known as '''deschloroketamine''', '''O-PCM''', '''DXE''', and '''DCK''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[dissociative]], [[pain relief|anesthetic]] and [[hallucinogenic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].<ref name="name">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Robins, E. G.)), ((Zhao, Y.)), ((Khan, I.)), ((Wilson, A.)), ((Luthra, S. K.)), ((Rstad, E.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (18)F-labelled S-fluoroalkyl diarylguanidines: Novel high-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists for imaging with PET | volume=20 | issue=5 | pages=1749–1751 | date=1 March 2010 | issn=1464-3405 | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.052}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Citation | vauthors=((Stevens, C. L.)) | title=Aminoketones and methods for their production | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3254124/en}}</ref>
-Early discussion over DCK has revolved around speculation over claims of antibacterial or immunosuppressant properties. If this speculation is valid, it is possible that its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system, which is why misuse of this substance is highly discouraged.<ref name="DCKAntibacterial">{{Citation | vauthors=((Preiss, D.)), ((Tatar, A.)) | title=Use of 2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, virus or protozoan infections as well as for immunomodulation | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5811464/en}}</ref> Ketamine has been found to have similar properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gocmen, S.)), ((Buyukkocak, U.)), ((Caglayan, O.)) | journal=Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences | title=In vitro investigation of the antibacterial effect of ketamine | volume=113 | issue=1 | pages=39–46 | date= 2008 | issn=2000-1967 | doi=10.3109/2000-1967-211}}</ref>
+Early discussion over DCK has revolved around speculation over claims of antibacterial or immunosuppressant properties. If this speculation is valid, it is possible that its prolonged use could potentially pose a serious threat to one's health and immune system, which along with bladder and urinary tract problems is why misuse of this substance is highly discouraged.<ref name="DCKAntibacterial">{{Citation | vauthors=((Preiss, D.)), ((Tatar, A.)) | title=Use of 2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, virus or protozoan infections as well as for immunomodulation | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5811464/en}}</ref> Ketamine has been found to have similar properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Gocmen, S.)), ((Buyukkocak, U.)), ((Caglayan, O.)) | journal=Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences | title=In vitro investigation of the antibacterial effect of ketamine | volume=113 | issue=1 | pages=39–46 | date= 2008 | issn=2000-1967 | doi=10.3109/2000-1967-211}}</ref>
 DCK has become easily accessible through online [[research chemical]] vendors<ref name="name" /> where it is being sold as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Frison, G.)), ((Zamengo, L.)), ((Zancanaro, F.)), ((Tisato, F.)), ((Traldi, P.)) | journal=Rapid communications in mass spectrometry: RCM | title=Characterization of the designer drug deschloroketamine (2-methylamino-2-phenylcyclohexanone) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, multistage mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance | volume=30 | issue=1 | pages=151–160 | date=15 January 2016 | issn=1097-0231 | doi=10.1002/rcm.7425}}</ref><ref>Alert: descloroketamina sold as ketamine in Barcelona | http://energycontrol.org/analisis-de-sustancias/resultados/alertas/560-alerta-descloroketamina-vendida-como-ketamina-en-barcelona.html</ref><ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Villalba, J.)) | year=2015 | title=Los efectos desconocidos de la sequía de ketamina | url=https://www.vice.com/es/article/9b7yvp/los-efectos-desconocidos-de-la-sequia-de-ketamina-719}}</ref> <!-- DCK has been extinct multiple times but has returned and is still for sale. Users repor the quality has significantly degraded after around 2018 (will wword this better)-->
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
 {{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
-Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based on its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[arylcyclohexylamine]] [[dissociative]]s such as [[3-MeO-PCP]], [[PCP]] and [[MXE]]. With this in mind, DCK is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. NMDA receptors, a type of [[glutamate]] receptor, allow for excitatory electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inactivate the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to the general loss of bodily sensation, motor coordination, memory recall and eventually this substance's equivalent of the “[[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|k-hole]].”
+Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding its pharmacology is purely based on its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[arylcyclohexylamine]] [[dissociative]]s such as [[3-MeO-PCP]], [[PCP]] and [[MXE]]. With this in mind, DCK is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. NMDA receptors, a type of [[glutamate]] receptor, allow for excitatory electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inactivate the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to the general loss of bodily sensation, motor coordination, memory recall and eventually this substance's equivalent of the “[[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|k-hole]].”
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 *'''Switzerland:''' Deschloroketamine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
 *'''United Kingdom:''' Deschloroketamine is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As an N-alkyl derivative of 2-Amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made}}</ref>
-*'''Czech Republic:''' Deschloroketamine is illegal in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=(([email protected], A. C.-)) | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref>
+*'''Czech Republic:''' Deschloroketamine is legal in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=(([email protected], A. C.-)) | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref>
 *'''Austria:''' Deschloroketamine is illegal in Austria under the NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung).<ref>{{Citation | title=RIS - Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung - Bundesrecht konsolidiert, Fassung vom 21.07.2022 | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642}}</ref>
+*'''Netherlands:''' Deschloroketamine can be legally bought as it is not covered by the 1st of July 2025 'blanket ban' ''Nieuwe Psychoactieve Stoffen''  (NPS).<ref>https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2025/07/01/lijst-verboden-nieuwe-psychoactieve-stoffen-nps-per-1-juli-2025</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 192: / Line 193: @@
 [[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]]
 [[Category:Research chemical]]
+{{#set:Featured=true}}