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'''α-PHP''' (also known as '''alpha-PHP''', '''A-PHP''', '''α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone''', or '''PV-7''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] drug of the [[substituted cathinone|cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrovalerone|pyrovalerone]] classes. It is structurally similar to pyrovalerone compounds such as [[MDPV]] and the successor to the [[designer drug]] [[cathinone]] derivative [[A-PVP]]. It generally comes in the form of either a crystalline powder or crystallized shards which users can ingest to produce powerful but short-lived euphoric stimulant effects which are comparable to those of [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]] when [[insufflated]] or [[vaporized]]. Like its [[research chemical]] predecessors, it is has gained notoriety for its tendency to induce [[compulsive redosing]] in a susceptible population of users and the ability to readily induce psychosis when abused.


α-PHP has a short history of use and is subject to much scrutiny by the media. It is being used and marketed as a replacement for [[A-PVP|α-PVP]] (known on the street as ''flakka'') a few years following its ban, where it has come to substitute A-PVP in many parts of the world. While initially synthesized in Chinese labs, a ban on a-PHP within China's borders has forced production to other nations around the world.
'''alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone''' (also known as '''PV-7''', '''alpha-PHP''', '''A-PHP''', and '''α-PHP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is structurally related to [[MDPV]] and is one of the successors to the [[designer drug]] [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]] analog [[A-PVP|α-PVP]].  
 
It is being used and marketed as a replacement for [[α-PVP]] (known on the street as ''flakka'') a few years following its ban, where it has come to substitute α-PVP in many parts of the world. While initially mass synthesized in Chinese industrial laboratories, a ban on α-PHP within China's borders has forced production to nations worldwide.{{citation needed}}
 
[[Subjective effects]] such as [[euphoria]], [[thought acceleration]], [[disinhibition]] and [[ego inflation]]. It generally comes in the form of either a fine powder or crystallized shards that can produce powerful but short-lived euphoric stimulant effects comparable to those of vaporized [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]. Like its cathinone predecessors, it is has gained notoriety for its tendency to induce [[compulsive redosing]] and addictive behaviors as well the ability to produce [[Delusions|delusional states]] and [[psychosis]] when abused.{{citation needed}}
 
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of α-PHP. It has recently become commonly marketed alongside [[research chemical]] [[stimulants]] like [[NEP]] and [[Hexen]] as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[a-PVP]], and commercially distributed through online [[research chemical]] vendors.
 
It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
   
   
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
α-PHP is a substituted hexanone bound to a phenyl ring and a pyrrolidine ring. It is a stimulant of the [[monoamine]] cathinone class, similar to pentedrone. α-PHP shares a similar structure to a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. It is substituted at R<sub>α</sub> with a butyl chain. Additionally it features an oxygen substitution double-bonded to R<sub>β</sub>.
α-PHP, or α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone,  is a compound of the [[substituted cathinone]] and [[substituted pyrrolidine]] chemical classes. Its structure is comprised of hexanal bound to a phenyl ring at the 1 position and the nitrogen of a pyrrolidine ring at the 2 position.


α-PHP is the longer chain homologue of α-PVP, possessing an additional carbon on the alkyl side chain.
α-PHP is the longer chain homolog of α-PVP, possessing an additional carbon on the alkyl side chain.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
The mechanism of action is unknown for α-PHP. Aside from a substantially shorter duration, it is believed to act similarly to the [[designer drug]] [[pentedrone]] and [[A-PVP]], which both as a potent [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s (NDRI),<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954</ref> although no substantial research on the pharmacology of this compound has been conducted.
The mechanism of action of α-PHP is unknown. Aside from a substantially shorter duration, it is believed to act similarly to the [[designer drug]] [[pentedrone]] and [[α-PVP]], which both act as a potent [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s (NDRI),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Meltzer, P. C.)), ((Butler, D.)), ((Deschamps, J. R.)), ((Madras, B. K.)) | journal=Journal of medicinal chemistry | title=1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogs. A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors | volume=49 | issue=4 | pages=1420–1432 | date=23 February 2006 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954/ | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm050797a}}</ref> although no substantial research on the pharmacology of this compound has yet been conducted.


This means it may effectively boost the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects.
This means it may effectively boost the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]].
In comparison to its predecessor [[α-PVP]], this compound has been reported as inducing slightly less anxiety, uncomfortable side effects, euphoria, and an easier comedown.
These are described below and generally include:
 
===Physical effects===
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of α-PHP can be described as a moderate to extreme euphoric tingling sensation that encompasses the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelming at higher dosages. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, α-PHP can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic. This encourages activities such as running, climbing and dancing. The particular style of stimulation which α-PHP presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in an extreme unsteadiness of the hands and a general lack of motor control.  
 
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - A person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus-- a condition known as nystagmus.
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Dry mouth and dehydration are a universal experience with α-PHP and are a product of an increased heart rate and extreme motivation to engage in strenuous physical activities. While it is important to avoid becoming dehydrated, especially when out dancing in a hot environment, there is a potential possibility of suffering from water intoxication through over-drinking so it is advised that users simply sip at water and never over drink.
 
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Higher doses of α-PHP result in an overall difficulty when it comes to urination, an effect that is completely temporary and harmless.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - α-PHP can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic, although less so than [[α-PVP]]. This encourages activities such as running, climbing and dancing, although it can also encourage sitting immobile and engaging in repetitive tasks. The particular style of stimulation which α-PHP presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in an extreme unsteadiness of the hands and a general lack of motor control.
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - α-PHP can be considered very vasoconstricting at higher doses, and is on par with that of [[amphetamine]] and [[methamphetamine]].
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The "body high" of α-PHP can be described as a moderate to extreme euphoric tingling sensation that encompasses the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelming at higher dosages. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - α-PHP can enhance one's sense of touch to extreme degrees, often leading to states of sexual arousal.
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - A person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus (a condition known as nystagmus).
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - α-PHP has been noted as enhancing focus, but in a way that leaves the user totally fixated on whatever task at hand, however trivial.
*'''[[Effect::Mouth numbing]]''' - In a similar fashion to that of [[cocaine]] this compound numbs the areas of the body which it touches, these areas can include the nostrils, gums, mouth and throat of the user.
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]''' - Due to the potency of its rush, α-PHP can cause various uncomfortable or painful sensations in the heart, especially when abused or used for extended periods. Those with familial or personal heart issues are discouraged from using this drug in its most potent [[routes of administration]].
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' - α-PHP, especially when it is vaporized or injected, can lead to sudden spikes of blood pressure that may manifest in an extremely uncomfortable "exploding heart" sensation.
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Dry mouth and dehydration are a universal experience with α-PHP and are a product of an increased heart rate, adrenergic activity and the motivation to engage in strenuous physical activities. While it is important to avoid becoming dehydrated, especially when out dancing in a hot environment, there is a potential possibility of suffering from water intoxication through over-drinking. Therefore it is advised that users simply sip at water and be mindful of their water in-take.
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Higher doses of α-PHP result in an overall difficulty when it comes to urination, an effect that is temporary and typically harmless.
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]''' - This typically can occur towards the end of the experience, but can sometimes happen during one as well.
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - α-PHP can be considered very vasoconstricting at higher doses, and is on par with that of [[amphetamine]] and [[methamphetamine]].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]], though becomes more present at high doses.
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - α-PHP may lower the seizure threshold in some individuals, especially when it is misused.
 
}}
{{effects/visual|
 
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]''' - α-PHP can make spaces seem brighter due to its ability to dilate the pupils.
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' - This effect is usually very mild and increases with sleep deprivation.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - α-PHP can have visual and vision-impairing effects that can lend readily to peripheral hallucinations.
 
===Hallucinatory states===
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenarios and plots]]'''
 
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|


===Cognitive effects===
The cognitive effects of α-PHP can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The ample head space of α-PHP is described by many as one of extreme mental stimulation and powerful euphoria. It contains a large number of typical [[Stimulants|stimulant]] cognitive effects, particularly those of the [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]] or [[Substituted pyrrolidine|pyrrolidine]] classes of drugs.
The cognitive effects of α-PHP can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of α-PHP is described by many as one of extreme mental stimulation and powerful euphoria. It contains a large number of typical [[Stimulants|stimulant]] cognitive effects.  


The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
 
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to amphetamine is present as well as feelings of joy and happiness and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - A euphoria very similar to [[amphetamine]] or [[cocaine]] is present as well as feelings of well-being and contentedness which are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine accumulation in the brain's reward pathways.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - Users report that this effect typically only occurs at low doses, and becomes increasingly more impairing as one increases their intake.
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - α-PHP can lead to states of extreme anxiety and paranoia when dosed too highly or frequently, which is why eyeballing this substance is strongly discouraged. The anxiety and paranoia this compound produces shares many features of the paranoia that can be induced by [[methamphetamine]] or [[cocaine]], and typically happens during the come down phase of the experience.
**'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]''' - This typically is experienced when the substance is abused, but can happen at higher than needed doses, or the comedowns of binges. It can also happen spontaneously, although this tends to be rare.
*'''[[Effect::Information processing suppression]]
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]''' - Similar to the ego inflation of [[cocaine]] or [[methamphetamine]], α-PHP can temporarily induce states of egomania at its peak.
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - While a high tendency to compulsive redose is a hallmark of this class of drug, α-PHP has been reported as being slightly less compulsive than its predecessor α-PVP. Nevertheless, users are advised to use extreme caution in not losing control when on this drug.
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are common within α-PHP and increase in the perception of perceived experience is greatly increased.
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]''' - This effect provides short-lived states of extreme motivation, but due to the cognitively narrowing aspects of its action, rarely ever translates into productive action.  
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - α-PHP, like its predecessor α-PVP can induce states of extreme sexual arousal due to its powerful disinhibiting effects
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are common within α-PHP and increase in the perception of perceived experience is greatly increased
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/auditory|
 
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucination]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/multisensory|
 
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - This compound may induce psychosis if it is compulsively binged upon for prolonged periods of time. However, the likelihood of psychosis on this compound has been reported to be noticeably less than that of [[A-PVP]].
 
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|
 
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. It has been reported that this crash is usually not considered as severe as it is on [[A-PVP]] at equivalent dosages. The effects commonly include, but are not limited to:


===After effects===
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=alpha-PHP}}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{toxicity}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational α-PHP use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because α-PHP has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried α-PHP within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).  
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational α-PHP use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because α-PHP has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried α-PHP within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).  


α-PHP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause, of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs.<ref>Suicide attempt with a mix of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alphA-PHP and 4-CMC (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073816000372</ref>  
α-PHP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause, of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Klavž, J.)), ((Gorenjak, M.)), ((Marinšek, M.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC | volume=265 | pages=121–124 | date=1 August 2016 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073816000372 | issn=0379-0738 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018}}</ref>  


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other short-lived highly dopaminergic [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of α-PHP can be considered [[Addiction potential::highly addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other short-lived highly dopaminergic [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of α-PHP can be considered [[Addiction potential::highly addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
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===Psychosis===
===Psychosis===
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
α-PHP, like other strongly dopaminergic stimulants, can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/emerging-trends</ref><ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref>
α-PHP, like other strongly dopaminergic stimulants, can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((National Institute on Drug Abuse)) | title=Emerging Trends | url=https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-trends-alerts}}</ref><ref name="Shoptaw2009">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/>


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
 
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - α-PHP can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[cathinone]]s}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.


====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
Internationally, α-PHP was added to the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances as a Schedule II controlled substance in March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Announcement/Details/021820a0-8746-42a4-9ee3-47ce50b30ca3|date=December 2019|title=WHO: World Health Organization recommends 12 NPS for scheduling|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/18-03-2020-c-n-d-accepts-all-w-h-o-recommendations-from-42nd-e-c-d-d|title=CND accepts all WHO recommendations on the control of several psychoactive substances from the 42nd ECDD meeting|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref>
*'''United States''' - A-PHP is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States. However, it may fall under the scope of the Federal Analog Act if it is intended for human consumption given its similarity to A-PVP, a scheduled substance.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0128.htm></ref>
 
*'''Italy''' - The President of the Republic of Italy classified cathinone and all structurally derived analogues (including pyrovalerone analogues) as Narcotics on January 2012. <ref>http://www.politicheantidroga.it/media/491607/decreto%20ministero%20salute%2029%20dicembre%202011.pdf</ref>
*'''Austria''': α-PHP is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
*'''Sweden''' - Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify α-PHP as narcotic on June 1, 2015.<ref>https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/juni/23-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/</ref>
*'''Brazil''': As of September 7, 2018, all cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>New blanket ban on synthetic illegal drugs is approved (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/noticias/-/asset_publisher/FXrpx9qY7FbU/content/combate-a-drogas-ilicitas-sinteticas-fica-mais-facil/219201/pop_up?_101_INSTANCE_FXrpx9qY7FbU_viewMode=print&_101_INSTANCE_FXrpx9qY7FbU_languageId=pt_BR</ref>
*'''China''' - α-PHP is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.<ref>http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''China''': α-PHP is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.<ref>http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''Germany''': α-PHP is a controlled substance under the BtmG (''Betäubungsmittelgesetz'')<ref>{{cite web|urlhttps://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=AnlageII BtmG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=May 30, 2023|language=de}}</ref> as of Dezember 21, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://community.beck.de/2023/01/03/aenderung-des-btmg-mit-aufnahme-von-vier-neuen-nps-in-kraft-getreten|title=Änderung des BtMG mit Aufnahme von vier neuen NPS in Kraft getreten|publisherBeck Community|access-date=May 30, 2023|language=de}}</ref> Possession, production, sales and consumption is illegal and penalized.
*'''Italy''': The President of the Republic of Italy classified cathinone and all structurally derived analogues (including pyrovalerone analogues) as Narcotics in January 2012. <ref>http://www.politicheantidroga.it/media/491607/decreto%20ministero%20salute%2029%20dicembre%202011.pdf</ref>
*'''Netherlands''': As of October 29, 2021, α-PHP has been banned in the Netherlands under the 1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/trb-2021-110.html#d17e4724 |title=Tractatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden - 77 (1971), Nr. 7, A. TITEL, Verdrag inzake psychotrope stoffen;Wenen, 21 februari 1971|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': α-PHP is classified as narcotic substance.<ref>http://rkrattsbaser.gov.se/sfst?fritext=alfa-PHP&upph=false&sort=desc&post_id=2</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': α-PHP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''':  is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': α-PiHP has been assigned to Schedule I on a Temporary Placement basis. This order, which extends the temporary scheduling order that DEA previously issued for these substances (84 FR 34291, July 18, 2019), is effective July 18, 2021 and expires on July 18, 2022. .<ref>{{cite web | title=Schedules of Controlled Substances Extension | url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/16/2021-15113/schedules-of-controlled-substances-extension-of-temporary-placement-of-n | publisher=Drug Enforcement Administration | access-date= 2022-04-22}}</ref> As such, the sale or the use of this compound is prohibited.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Designer drug]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Substituted Cathinones]]
*[[Substituted cathinone]]
*[[A-PVP]]
*[[Substituted pyrrolidine]]
*[[Amphetamine]]
*[[MDPV]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[α-PVP]]
*[[Prolintane]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/α-PHP α-PHP (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/α-PHP α-PHP (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/A-PHP/A-PHP.shtml α-PHP (Erowid)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=644 α-PHP (Isomer Design)]
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/A-PHP α-PHP (TripSit)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_alphaPHP.shtml a-PHP (Erowid)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_aPHP.shtml α-PHP experiences (Erowid)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Pyrrolidine]]
 
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Pyrrolidinophenone]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
 
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