A-PHP: Difference between revisions

'''alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone''' (also known as '''PV-7''', '''alpha-PHP''', '''A-PHP''', and '''α-PHP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is structurally related to [[MDPV]] and is one of the successors to the [[designer drug]] [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]] analog [[A-PVP|α-PVP]].  

It is being used and marketed as a replacement for [[α-PVP]] (known on the street as ''flakka'') a few years following its ban, where it has come to substitute α-PVP in many parts of the world. While initially mass synthesized in Chinese industrial laboratories, a ban on α-PHP within China's borders has forced production to nations worldwide.{{citation needed}}  

[[Subjective effects]] such as [[euphoria]], [[thought acceleration]], [[disinhibition]] and [[ego inflation]]. It generally comes in the form of either a fine powder or crystallized shards that can produce powerful but short-lived euphoric stimulant effects comparable to those of vaporized [[methamphetamine]] and [[cocaine]]. Like its cathinone predecessors, it is has gained notoriety for its tendency to induce [[compulsive redosing]] and addictive behaviors as well the ability to produce [[Delusions|delusional states]] and [[psychosis]] when abused.{{citation needed}}

The mechanism of action of α-PHP is unknown. Aside from a substantially shorter duration, it is believed to act similarly to the [[designer drug]] [[pentedrone]] and [[α-PVP]], which both act as a potent [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]s (NDRI),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Meltzer, P. C.)), ((Butler, D.)), ((Deschamps, J. R.)), ((Madras, B. K.)) | journal=Journal of medicinal chemistry | title=1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogs. A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors | volume=49 | issue=4 | pages=1420–1432 | date=23 February 2006 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954/ | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm050797a}}</ref> although no substantial research on the pharmacology of this compound has yet been conducted.

*'''[[Effect::Mouth numbing]]''' - In a similar fashion to that of [[cocaine]] this compound numbs the areas of the body which it touches, these areas can include the nostrils, gums, mouth and throat of the user.

{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=alpha-PHP}}

α-PHP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause, of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Klavž, J.)), ((Gorenjak, M.)), ((Marinšek, M.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC | volume=265 | pages=121–124 | date=1 August 2016 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073816000372 | issn=0379-0738 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018}}</ref>  

α-PHP, like other strongly dopaminergic stimulants, can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((National Institute on Drug Abuse)) | title=Emerging Trends | url=https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/emerging-trends-alerts}}</ref><ref name="Shoptaw2009">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[amphetamine|dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/>

==Legal status==

Internationally, α-PHP was added to the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances as a Schedule II controlled substance in March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Announcement/Details/021820a0-8746-42a4-9ee3-47ce50b30ca3|date=December 2019|title=WHO: World Health Organization recommends 12 NPS for scheduling|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/18-03-2020-c-n-d-accepts-all-w-h-o-recommendations-from-42nd-e-c-d-d|title=CND accepts all WHO recommendations on the control of several psychoactive substances from the 42nd ECDD meeting|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref>

 

*'''Austria''': α-PHP is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}

*'''China''': α-PHP is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.<ref>http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>

*'''Italy''': The President of the Republic of Italy classified cathinone and all structurally derived analogues (including pyrovalerone analogues) as Narcotics in January 2012. <ref>http://www.politicheantidroga.it/media/491607/decreto%20ministero%20salute%2029%20dicembre%202011.pdf</ref>

*'''Netherlands''': As of October 29, 2021, α-PHP has been banned in the Netherlands under the 1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/trb-2021-110.html#d17e4724 |title=Tractatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden - 77 (1971), Nr. 7, A. TITEL, Verdrag inzake psychotrope stoffen;Wenen, 21 februari 1971|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref>

*'''Sweden''': α-PHP is classified as narcotic substance.<ref>http://rkrattsbaser.gov.se/sfst?fritext=alfa-PHP&upph=false&sort=desc&post_id=2</ref>

*'''Switzerland''': α-PHP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>

*'''United Kingdom''':  is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>

*'''United States''': α-PiHP has been assigned to Schedule I on a Temporary Placement basis. This order, which extends the temporary scheduling order that DEA previously issued for these substances (84 FR 34291, July 18, 2019), is effective July 18, 2021 and expires on July 18, 2022. .<ref>{{cite web | title=Schedules of Controlled Substances Extension | url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/16/2021-15113/schedules-of-controlled-substances-extension-of-temporary-placement-of-n | publisher=Drug Enforcement Administration | access-date= 2022-04-22}}</ref> As such, the sale or the use of this compound is prohibited.

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