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Haloperidol: Difference between revisions

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{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=Pharms - Haloperidol}}
 
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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/Haloperidol}}
{{SubstanceBox/Haloperidol}}


'''Haloperidol''' (trade name '''Haldol''') is an [[antipsychotic]] drug used to treat a variety of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, [[mania]], bipolar disorder, [[delirium]], [[psychosis]], Tourette syndrome, as well as other disorders. It was first synthesized in 1958 by Paul Janssen<ref>https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> from [[meperidine]]<ref>https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>. Haloperidol is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf</ref> It is also one of the most frequently prescribed typical antipsychotics and is sometimes carried by medical services as an emergency sedative.
'''Haloperidol''' (trade name '''Haldol''') is an [[antipsychotic]] drug used to treat a variety of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, [[mania]], bipolar disorder, [[delirium]], [[psychosis]], Tourette syndrome, as well as other disorders. It was first synthesized in 1958 by Paul Janssen<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Sneader, W.)) | date=23 June 2005 | title=Drug Discovery: A History | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | isbn=9780471899792}}</ref> from [[meperidine]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Ravina, E.)) | date=18 April 2011 | title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | isbn=9783527326693}}</ref>. Haloperidol is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.<ref>http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf</ref> It is also one of the most frequently prescribed typical antipsychotics and is sometimes carried by medical services as an emergency sedative.


==History and culture==
==History and culture==
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
{{pharmacology}}
As a typical antipsychotic, haloperidol has a diverse pharmacological profile. Primarily, haloperidol acts on [[dopamine]] D<sub>2</sub> [[receptor]]s as an [[antagonist]], as well as a D<sub>3</sub> inverse [[agonist]]. Haloperidol is also an antagonist of the [[serotonin |5-HT]]<sub>2A</sub> receptor, although this effect is not as powerful as that of [[quetiapine]]. Unlike many antipsychotcs, haloperidol has negligible affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as well as the histamine receptors, which results in less sedation, weight gain and hypotension.<ref>H1-Histamine Receptor Affinity Predicts Short-Term Weight Gain for Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v28/n3/full/1300027a.html</ref>
As a typical antipsychotic, haloperidol has a diverse pharmacological profile. Primarily, haloperidol acts on [[dopamine]] D<sub>2</sub> [[receptor]]s as an [[antagonist]], as well as a D<sub>3</sub> inverse [[agonist]]. Haloperidol is also an antagonist of the [[serotonin |5-HT]]<sub>2A</sub> receptor, although this effect is not as powerful as that of [[quetiapine]]. Unlike many antipsychotcs, haloperidol has negligible affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as well as the histamine receptors, which results in less sedation, weight gain and hypotension.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Kroeze, W. K.)), ((Hufeisen, S. J.)), ((Popadak, B. A.)), ((Renock, S. M.)), ((Steinberg, S.)), ((Ernsberger, P.)), ((Jayathilake, K.)), ((Meltzer, H. Y.)), ((Roth, B. L.)) | journal=Neuropsychopharmacology | title=H1-Histamine Receptor Affinity Predicts Short-Term Weight Gain for Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | volume=28 | issue=3 | pages=519–526 | date= March 2003 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/1300027 | issn=1740-634X | doi=10.1038/sj.npp.1300027}}</ref>


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
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*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Excessive yawning]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Excessive yawning]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle stiffness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle tension]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Neurotoxicity]]''' - Several lines of evidence suggest that haloperidol exhibits neurotoxicity.<ref name="pmid28738100">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nasrallah HA, Chen AT | title = Multiple neurotoxic effects of haloperidol resulting in neuronal death | journal = Annals of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 195–202 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28738100 | doi =  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pierre JM | title = Time to retire haloperidol? | journal = Current Psychiatry | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | page = 19 | url = https://www.mdedge.com/psychiatry/article/221293/schizophrenia-other-psychotic-disorders }}</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Physical fatigue]]''' - This effect can sometimes result in an inability to perform tasks such as exercise, walking or even sitting.
*'''[[Effect::Physical fatigue]]''' - This effect can sometimes result in an inability to perform tasks such as exercise, walking or even sitting.
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''
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}}
}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=Pharms - Haloperidol}}
 
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Pharms_Haloperidol.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Haloperidol]


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
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Haloperidol [[Toxicity::can have serious side effects at higher dosages]], such as [[Toxicity::risk of having severe extrapyramidal symptoms and muscle rigidity]], which can last for hours.
Haloperidol [[Toxicity::can have serious side effects at higher dosages]], such as [[Toxicity::risk of having severe extrapyramidal symptoms and muscle rigidity]], which can last for hours.


Both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia.<ref>Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract</ref> According to one study, rates are lower with the atypicals at 3.9% as opposed to the typicals at 5.5%.<ref>Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract</ref> Switching to these atypicals is an option to minimize symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by other atypicals.<ref>Tardive Dyskinesia | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11940-011-0117-x</ref>
Both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Correll, C. U.)), ((Schenk, E. M.)) | journal=Current Opinion in Psychiatry | title=Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics: | volume=21 | issue=2 | pages=151–156 | date= March 2008 | url=http://journals.lww.com/00001504-200803000-00012 | issn=0951-7367 | doi=10.1097/YCO.0b013e3282f53132}}</ref> Rates are lower with the atypicals at 3.9% as opposed to the typicals at 5.5%. Switching to these atypicals is an option to minimize symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by other atypicals.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Aia, P. G.)), ((Revuelta, G. J.)), ((Cloud, L. J.)), ((Factor, S. A.)) | journal=Current Treatment Options in Neurology | title=Tardive Dyskinesia | volume=13 | issue=3 | pages=231–241 | date=1 June 2011 | url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-011-0117-x | issn=1534-3138 | doi=10.1007/s11940-011-0117-x}}</ref>


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
 
*'''Australia:''' The drug is available via prescription only.{{citation needed}}
*'''Australia:''' The drug is available via prescription only.{{citation needed}}
*'''Canada:''' The drug is available via prescription only.{{citation needed}}
*'''Canada:''' The drug is available via prescription only.{{citation needed}}
*'''Germany:''' Haloperidol is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/anlage_1.html</ref>
*'''Germany:''' Haloperidol is a prescription medicine, according to Anlage 1 AMVV.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage 1 AMVV - Einzelnorm | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/amvv/anlage_1.html}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland:''' Haloperidol is listed as a "Abgabekategorie B" pharmaceutical, which requires a prescription.{{citation needed}}
*'''Switzerland:''' Haloperidol is listed as a "Abgabekategorie B" pharmaceutical, which requires a prescription.{{citation needed}}
*'''United Kingdom:''' Haloperidol is a prescription-only medication.{{citation needed}}
*'''United Kingdom:''' Haloperidol is a prescription-only medication.{{citation needed}}
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Antipsychotic]]
*[[Antipsychotic]]
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*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=12029 Haloperidol decanoate (Isomer Design)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=12029 Haloperidol decanoate (Isomer Design)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=3217 Haloperidol propionate (Isomer Design)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=3217 Haloperidol propionate (Isomer Design)]
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00502 Haloperidol (DrugBank)]
*[https://www.drugs.com/cdi/haloperidol.html Haloperidol (Drugs.com)]
*[https://www.drugs.com/cdi/haloperidol.html Haloperidol (Drugs.com)]


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<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Piperidine]]
[[Category:Butyrophenone]]
[[Category:Phenylpiperidine]]
[[Category:Antihistamine]]
[[Category:Antihistamine]]
[[Category:Depressant]]
[[Category:Antipsychotic]]
[[Category:Antipsychotic]]
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/Haloperidol"