6-APB: Difference between revisions

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'''6-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (also known as '''6-APB''' and '''"Benzofury"''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[5-APB]], and [[5-MAPB]].

6-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref> However, ~~it did not come into popular~~ recreational use until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global research ~~chemicals~~ market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}}

6-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref>

However, recreational human use was not documented until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global [[research chemical]] market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}}

[[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[muscle relaxation]], and [[euphoria]]. 6-APB's effects are commonly compared to those of [[MDA]] and other entactogens.

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As with MDMA, the long-term, heavy usage of 6-APB (i.e. regular daily or weekly usage) is likely cardiotoxic and may lead to valvulopathy (heart valve issues) via its significant affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.<ref name="Elangbam2010" /><ref name="Droogmans2007" />

~~6-APB shouldn't be insufflated, it is such a fine powder that much of it goes into the lungs. Severe cough and reduced subjective effects is very common. Oral consume is much safer.~~

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

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*'''Australia and New Zealand''': Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.{{citation needed}}

*'''Canada''': 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.{{citation needed}}

*'''Czech Republic''': 6-APB is a Schedule I <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf</ref> (List 4) substance. It may be used for research and restricted therapeutic purposes. (§ 1, d), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref>

*'''France''': 6-APB is classified as a narcotic since May 9, 2018, alongside other substances derived from benzofuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043529751|title=Article Annexe IV - Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants|publisher=Légifrance|access-date=September 23, 2022|language=fr}}</ref>

*'''Germany''': 6-APB is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl113s2274.pdf%27%5D|title=Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Italy''': 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>

*'''Japan''': 6-APB is a controlled substance in Japan effective December 17th, 2012.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/scheduled-drug/new.html "平成２４年１２月１７日付けで以下の８物質が指定薬物に指定されました。"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref>

*'''Luxembourg:''' 6-APB is not cited in the list of prohibited substances<ref>Loi du 19 février 1973 concernant la vente de substances médicamenteuses et la lutte contre la toxicomanie. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1973/02/19/n1/jo</ref>. Therefore, it is still a legal substance.

*'''The Netherlands:''' 6-APB is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref>

*'''Sweden''': 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.{{citation needed}}

*'''Switzerland''': 6-APB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>

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*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB (Erowid Vault)]

*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2358 6-APB (Isomer Design)]

*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/6-APB 6-APB (Drugs-Forum)]

*[https://www.mdmawiki.org/ MDMA Wiki]

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 '''6-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (also known as '''6-APB''' and '''"Benzofury"''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[5-APB]], and [[5-MAPB]].
--APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref> However, it did not come into popular recreational use until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global research chemicals market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}}
+-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref>
+However, recreational human use was not documented until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global [[research chemical]] market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}}
 [[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[muscle relaxation]], and [[euphoria]]. 6-APB's effects are commonly compared to those of [[MDA]] and other entactogens.
@@ Line 212: / Line 213: @@
 As with MDMA, the long-term, heavy usage of 6-APB (i.e. regular daily or weekly usage) is likely cardiotoxic and may lead to valvulopathy (heart valve issues) via its significant affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.<ref name="Elangbam2010" /><ref name="Droogmans2007" />
--APB shouldn't be insufflated, it is such a fine powder that much of it goes into the lungs. Severe cough and reduced subjective effects is very common. Oral consume is much safer.
 ===Tolerance and addiction potential===
@@ Line 235: / Line 234: @@
 *'''Australia and New Zealand''': Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.{{citation needed}}
 *'''Canada''': 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.{{citation needed}}
+*'''Czech Republic''': 6-APB is a Schedule I <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf</ref> (List 4) substance. It may be used for research and restricted therapeutic purposes. (§ 1, d), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref>
+*'''France''': 6-APB is classified as a narcotic since May 9, 2018, alongside other substances derived from benzofuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043529751|title=Article Annexe IV - Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants|publisher=Légifrance|access-date=September 23, 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
 *'''Germany''': 6-APB is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl113s2274.pdf%27%5D|title=Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
 *'''Italy''': 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
 *'''Japan''': 6-APB is a controlled substance in Japan effective December 17th, 2012.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/scheduled-drug/new.html "平成２４年１２月１７日付けで以下の８物質が指定薬物に指定されました。"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref>
 *'''Luxembourg:''' 6-APB is not cited in the list of prohibited substances<ref>Loi du 19 février 1973 concernant la vente de substances médicamenteuses et la lutte contre la toxicomanie. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1973/02/19/n1/jo</ref>. Therefore, it is still a legal substance.
+*'''The Netherlands:''' 6-APB is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref>
 *'''Sweden''': 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.{{citation needed}}
 *'''Switzerland''': 6-APB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
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 *[https://erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB (Erowid Vault)]
 *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2358 6-APB (Isomer Design)]
+*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/6-APB 6-APB (Drugs-Forum)]
 *[https://www.mdmawiki.org/ MDMA Wiki]