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6-APB: Difference between revisions
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'''6-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (also known as '''6-APB''' and '''"Benzofury"''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[5-APB]], and [[5-MAPB]]. | '''6-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (also known as '''6-APB''' and '''"Benzofury"''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[5-APB]], and [[5-MAPB]]. | ||
6-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">Monte, A. P., Marona-Lewicka, D., Cozzi, N. V., | 6-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref> | ||
However, recreational human use was not documented until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global [[research chemical]] market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}} | |||
[[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[muscle relaxation]], and [[euphoria]]. 6-APB's effects are commonly compared to those of [[MDA]] and other entactogens. | [[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[muscle relaxation]], and [[euphoria]]. 6-APB's effects are commonly compared to those of [[MDA]] and other entactogens. | ||
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Human usage was not documented until 2010, when it emerged for sale on the [[research chemical]] market. It was particularly prominent in the UK "legal highs" market, where it was sold under the name "Benzofury".{{citation needed}} | Human usage was not documented until 2010, when it emerged for sale on the [[research chemical]] market. It was particularly prominent in the UK "legal highs" market, where it was sold under the name "Benzofury".{{citation needed}} | ||
On June 10, 2013 6-APB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation.<ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> On November 28, 2013 the ACMD recommended that 6-APB and related benzofurans should become Class B, Schedule 1 substances. On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref> | On June 10, 2013 6-APB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation.<ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> On November 28, 2013 the ACMD recommended that 6-APB and related benzofurans should become Class B, Schedule 1 substances. On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref name="UK1971Act">{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/made}}</ref> | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
6-APB is a [[serotonin]]–[[norepinephrine]]–[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (SNDRI) with Ki values of 117, 150, and 2698 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), dopamine transporter (DAT), and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively.<ref name="6APBpharm1">Iversen L, Gibbons S, Treble R, Setola V, Huang | 6-APB is a [[serotonin]]–[[norepinephrine]]–[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (SNDRI) with Ki values of 117, 150, and 2698 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), dopamine transporter (DAT), and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively.<ref name="6APBpharm1">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Iversen, L.)), ((Gibbons, S.)), ((Treble, R.)), ((Setola, V.)), ((Huang, X.-P.)), ((Roth, B. L.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances | volume=700 | issue=1–3 | pages=147–151 | date= January 2013 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014299912010114 | issn=00142999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.006}}</ref> 6-APB also possesses additional activity as a [[releasing agent]] of these [[monoamine neurotransmitters]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rickli, A.)), ((Kopf, S.)), ((Hoener, M. C.)), ((Liechti, M. E.)) | journal=British Journal of Pharmacology | title=Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans: Novel psychoactive benzofurans | volume=172 | issue=13 | pages=3412–3425 | date= July 2015 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13128 | issn=00071188 | doi=10.1111/bph.13128}}</ref> | ||
6-APB is a potent [[Agonists#Types of agonist|full agonist]] of the serotonin 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor (Ki = 3.7 nM)<ref name="6APBpharm1" />, with higher affinity for this target than any other site.<ref name="5HT2C">Canal | 6-APB is a potent [[Agonists#Types of agonist|full agonist]] of the serotonin 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor (Ki = 3.7 nM)<ref name="6APBpharm1" />, with higher affinity for this target than any other site.<ref name="5HT2C">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Canal, C. E.)), ((Murnane, K. S.)) | journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology | title=The serotonin 5-HT 2C receptor and the non-addictive nature of classic hallucinogens | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=127–143 | date= January 2017 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881116677104 | issn=0269-8811 | doi=10.1177/0269881116677104}}</ref> Moreover, unlike MDMA, 6-APB shows 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor over the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors.<ref name="5HT2C" /><ref>{{Citation | title=Analytics for US Patent No. 7045545, Aminoalkylbenzofurans as serotonin (5-HT(2c)) agonists | url=http://www.patentbuddy.com/Patent/7045545}}</ref> | ||
Aside from the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, 6-APB has also been found to bind with high affinity to the α<sub>2C</sub>-adrenergic receptor subtype (Ki = 45 nM), although the clinical significance of this action is unknown.<ref name="6APBpharm1" /> | Aside from the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, 6-APB has also been found to bind with high affinity to the α<sub>2C</sub>-adrenergic receptor subtype (Ki = 45 nM), although the clinical significance of this action is unknown.<ref name="6APBpharm1" /> | ||
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The potent agonism of the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor makes it likely that 6-APB would be cardiotoxic with chronic or long-term use, as seen with other 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor agonists such as the withdrawn serotonergic anorectic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine fenfluramine].<ref name="6APBpharm1" /><ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> | The potent agonism of the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor makes it likely that 6-APB would be cardiotoxic with chronic or long-term use, as seen with other 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor agonists such as the withdrawn serotonergic anorectic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine fenfluramine].<ref name="6APBpharm1" /><ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> | ||
The [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] known as [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]] and [[noradrenaline]] are the global [[neurotransmitters]] that modulate the brain's ability to feel pleasure, motivation, reward, planning, attention, and focus. When their reuptake is inhibited or their release is promoted, these neurotransmitters accumulate in the [[synaptic cleft]] (gaps between neurons) to non-ordinary levels, which makes them able to be reused. The result is neuronal activation at a multitude of brain regions which has the net result of producing a combination of stimulating, relaxing, disinhibiting and euphoric effects.<ref>New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Amphetamines | | The [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] known as [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]] and [[noradrenaline]] are the global [[neurotransmitters]] that modulate the brain's ability to feel pleasure, motivation, reward, planning, attention, and focus. When their reuptake is inhibited or their release is promoted, these neurotransmitters accumulate in the [[synaptic cleft]] (gaps between neurons) to non-ordinary levels, which makes them able to be reused. The result is neuronal activation at a multitude of brain regions which has the net result of producing a combination of stimulating, relaxing, disinhibiting and euphoric effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fleckenstein, A. E.)), ((Volz, T. J.)), ((Riddle, E. L.)), ((Gibb, J. W.)), ((Hanson, G. R.)) | journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology | title=New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Amphetamines | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=681–698 | date=1 February 2007 | url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140 | issn=0362-1642 | doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140}}</ref> | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]''' | |||
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within 6-APB and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release. | *'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within 6-APB and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is more consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic with 6-APB than any other known substance. It is the most obvious and noticeable effect within any 6-APB experience and dominates the head space. With time, repeated use, and improper spacing, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully imprinted, making it, so users feel merely speedy and scattered with no new found urges to communicate or bond with others. | *'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is more consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic with 6-APB than any other known substance. It is the most obvious and noticeable effect within any 6-APB experience and dominates the head space. With time, repeated use, and improper spacing, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully imprinted, making it, so users feel merely speedy and scattered with no new found urges to communicate or bond with others. | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}} | {{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}} | ||
Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Due to its similarity to MDMA, it is likely that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB may be both neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref>Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | | Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Due to its similarity to MDMA, it is likely that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB may be both neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref name="Elangbam2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Elangbam, C. S.)) | journal=Toxicologic Pathology | title=Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | volume=38 | issue=6 | pages=837–848 | date= October 2010 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0192623310378027 | issn=0192-6233 | doi=10.1177/0192623310378027}}</ref><ref name="Droogmans2007">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Droogmans, S.)), ((Cosyns, B.)), ((D’haenen, H.)), ((Creeten, E.)), ((Weytjens, C.)), ((Franken, P. R.)), ((Scott, B.)), ((Schoors, D.)), ((Kemdem, A.)), ((Close, L.)), ((Vandenbossche, J.-L.)), ((Bechet, S.)), ((Van Camp, G.)) | journal=The American Journal of Cardiology | title=Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease | volume=100 | issue=9 | pages=1442–1445 | date=1 November 2007 | issn=0002-9149 | doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.06.045}}</ref> in some form. | ||
The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia (overheating).<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | | Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia (overheating).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nimmo, S. M.)), ((Kennedy, B. W.)), ((Tullett, W. M.)), ((Blyth, A. S.)), ((Dougall, J. R.)) | journal=Anaesthesia | title=Drug-induced hyperthermia | volume=48 | issue=10 | pages=892–895 | date= October 1993 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x | issn=0003-2409 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x}}</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive sweating puts the body at further risk as the stimulating and euphoric properties of the substance may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further. | ||
Although it has not been formally studied, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity as is the case with [[MDMA]].<ref>( | Although it has not been formally studied, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity as is the case with [[MDMA]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Malberg, J. E.)), ((Seiden, L. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience | title=Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat | volume=18 | issue=13 | pages=5086–5094 | date=1 July 1998 | issn=0270-6474}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Wolff, K.)), ((Tsapakis, E. M.)), ((Winstock, A. R.)), ((Hartley, D.)), ((Holt, D.)), ((Forsling, M. L.)), ((Aitchison, K. J.)) | journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology | title=Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=400–410 | date= May 2006 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881106061514 | issn=0269-8811 | doi=10.1177/0269881106061514}}</ref> | ||
The neurotoxicity of 6-APB is subject to ongoing debate. It was specifically designed to be less neurotoxic than MDA or MDMA by circumventing the production of certain metabolic byproducts thought to underlie their toxicity (specifically alpha-methyl-dopamine).{{Citation needed}} Although it is likely to be physically safe to try in a responsible context, it is completely possible that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB could result in neurotoxicity in some form, presenting as deficits in cognitive, affective and psychomotor function. | The neurotoxicity of 6-APB is subject to ongoing debate. It was specifically designed to be less neurotoxic than MDA or MDMA by circumventing the production of certain metabolic byproducts thought to underlie their toxicity (specifically alpha-methyl-dopamine).{{Citation needed}} Although it is likely to be physically safe to try in a responsible context, it is completely possible that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB could result in neurotoxicity in some form, presenting as deficits in cognitive, affective and psychomotor function. | ||
As with MDMA, the long-term, heavy usage of 6-APB (i.e. regular daily or weekly usage) is likely cardiotoxic and may lead to valvulopathy (heart valve issues) via its significant affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.<ref | As with MDMA, the long-term, heavy usage of 6-APB (i.e. regular daily or weekly usage) is likely cardiotoxic and may lead to valvulopathy (heart valve issues) via its significant affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.<ref name="Elangbam2010" /><ref name="Droogmans2007" /> | ||
===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
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{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}} | {{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}} | ||
There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when 6-APB is taken with many antidepressants, particularly | There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when 6-APB is taken with many antidepressants, particularly monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).{{citation needed}} Additionally, if 6-APB is taken with SSRIs and SNRIs, it is likely to be significantly less effective if it produces any discernible effects at all. | ||
==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
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*'''Australia and New Zealand''': Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.{{citation needed}} | *'''Australia and New Zealand''': Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada''': 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.{{citation needed}} | *'''Canada''': 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Czech Republic''': 6-APB is a Schedule I <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf</ref> (List 4) substance. It may be used for research and restricted therapeutic purposes. (§ 1, d), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref> | |||
*'''France''': 6-APB is classified as a narcotic since May 9, 2018, alongside other substances derived from benzofuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043529751|title=Article Annexe IV - Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants|publisher=Légifrance|access-date=September 23, 2022|language=fr}}</ref> | |||
*'''Germany''': 6-APB is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl113s2274.pdf%27%5D|title=Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Germany''': 6-APB is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl113s2274.pdf%27%5D|title=Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Italy''': 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref> | *'''Italy''': 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''Japan''': 6-APB is a controlled substance in Japan effective December 17th, 2012.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/scheduled-drug/new.html "平成２４年１２月１７日付けで以下の８物質が指定薬物に指定されました。"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref> | |||
*'''Luxembourg:''' 6-APB is not cited in the list of prohibited substances<ref>Loi du 19 février 1973 concernant la vente de substances médicamenteuses et la lutte contre la toxicomanie. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1973/02/19/n1/jo</ref>. Therefore, it is still a legal substance. | *'''Luxembourg:''' 6-APB is not cited in the list of prohibited substances<ref>Loi du 19 février 1973 concernant la vente de substances médicamenteuses et la lutte contre la toxicomanie. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1973/02/19/n1/jo</ref>. Therefore, it is still a legal substance. | ||
*'''The Netherlands:''' 6-APB is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref> | |||
*'''Sweden''': 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.{{citation needed}} | *'''Sweden''': 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Switzerland''': 6-APB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Switzerland''': 6-APB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Turkey:''' 6-APB is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref> | *'''Turkey:''' 6-APB is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': On June 10, 2013, 6-APB and some analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref | *'''United Kingdom''': On June 10, 2013, 6-APB and some analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref name="UK1971Act" /> | ||
*'''United States''': 6-APB is unscheduled in the United States, but not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption. | *'''United States''': 6-APB is unscheduled in the United States, but not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption. | ||
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*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB (Erowid Vault)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2358 6-APB (Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2358 6-APB (Isomer Design)] | ||
*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/6-APB 6-APB (Drugs-Forum)] | |||
*[https://www.mdmawiki.org/ MDMA Wiki] | *[https://www.mdmawiki.org/ MDMA Wiki] | ||